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15 Theoretical Criminology 3 (2011)

handle is hein.journals/thcr15 and id is 1 raw text is: Article Theoretical Criminology 15(1) 3-22 Questions of security: @The Author(s) 2010 Reprints and permission: A framework for research sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1 177/1362480610382569 tcr.sagepub.com OSAGE MarianaValverde University of Toronto, Canada Abstract Scholars have noted that we are increasingly being governed in the name of security, in literature that usually treats security as an entity in need of a theory.This article begins by noting that'security' does not need theories, but rather questions that can generate concrete analyses.Three sets of questions are elaborated here.The first concerns the logics of security projects. The second set raises questions of scale and jurisdiction. Finally, governance projects are distinguished by the techniques used. This set of questions about security-which,this article argues,always need to be posed in relation to specific security projects-is a theoretically significant revision of the governmentality literature's distinction between rationalities and technologies of governance. Keywords governmentality, jurisdiction, scale, security Many scholars have noted that we are increasingly being govemed through security or in the name of security. Most of this literature pursues normative and political questions, however, and in so doing treats 'security' as a singular, if polysemic, entity. The present contribution draws loosely on Nietzsche and Foucault to shift the theoretical debate onto a different, non-normative terrain. After a brief discussion of the methodological prob- lem of elaborating dynamic analytical frameworks, three sets of questions are offered as a framework for future studies. The first deals with the logics of security projects. The second set of questions is concemed with understanding the scale (both temporal and spatial) of security projects and the jurisdictional arrangements that organize security govemance. Questions of scale and jurisdiction are grouped together as questions about the scope ofprojects. Finally, projects are distinguished not only by their logic and scope but also by the techniques used. The threefold classification of questions about security- which, this article argues, always need to be posed in relation to specific security Corresponding author: MarianaValverde, Centre of Criminology, University of Toronto,Toronto, Canada. Email: m.valverde@utoronto.ca

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