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10 Technium Soc. Sci. J. 1 (2020)

handle is hein.journals/techssj10 and id is 1 raw text is: Technium Social Sciences Journal Vol. 10, 1-12, August 2020 ISSN: 2668-7798 SOCIAL SCIENCES JOURNAL www.techniumscience.com Idealist, Realist or Neo-Realist Financial Aid Donors to Pakistan Lubaina Dawood', Khadija Karim2, Nagina GuP, Niamatullah' 'Lecturer Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Quetta, Pakistan, 2Assistant Professor Sardar Bahadur Khan Women's University Quetta, Pakistan, 3Department of Management Sciences, Faculty of Management Sciences, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering & Management Sciences, Quetta 87650, Pakistan, 'Assistant Professor Faculty of Education LUAWMS Uthal, Balochistan Khadijakariml1 7@yahoo.com', lubainabaig02@gmail.com2, nagina.gul@buitms.edu.pk3, nemo7171@hotmail.com' Abstract. Foreign aid has always been an important source of finance for Pakistan. Flow of foreign aid depends upon the donor's interest and motives that can differ as some may be truly interested in helping the recipient nation (Mumtaz, 2013). Some donors may have national interest while other may want to enhance their economic relations which refer to the idealist, realist and neo-realist theories of motivations respectively (Berthelemy, 2005). Present inquiry is informed by qualitative interpretive approach based on semi-structured interviews regarding financial aid donor's motives. The overall results revealed people perception that America have an inclination for both Pakistan's nation and region for its own benefits whereas United Kingdom is interested in human resource. Saudi Arab and China have dual motives, one is the development of Pakistan and other is security and trade interest respectively. So America is proclaimed as realist donors, United Kingdom as Neo-realist while Saudi Arab and China have mix motivations. Both are Idealist with some realist and neo-realist motivation correspondingly. However other financial aid donors are not prominent amongst Pakistani nation. Keywords. Financial aid, Financial aid donors, Idealist, Realist, Neo-realist Introduction Over the last 30 to 40 years foreign aid remained a main source of external financing for developing nations. Foreign aid is given by developed and industrialized nations to developing and underdeveloped nations to elevate their living standards (Hagedoorn and Beets, 2011). Among less developed/ developing countries of South Asia such as Bhutan, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka and Nepal are most prominent recipients of international aid. Currently the world's largest foreign aid donors are USA, UK, Japan, France, Germany, Netherland, and UAE (Toal, 2013). According to Lengauer (2011) with the shift in economic power across the globe, the pattern of development assistance has been changed due to the emerging donors that includes China, Saudi Arabia, S. Korea, and India. The most prominent donor in the group of emerging donors is People's Republic of China (Lengauer, 2011). 1

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