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33 Stan. Envtl. L. J. 3 (2013-2014)

handle is hein.journals/staev33 and id is 1 raw text is: How to Permit Your Mammoth: Some Legal Implications of De-Extinction By Norman F. Carlin,* Ilan Wurman** and Tamara Zakim***t I. INTRODUCTION ............................................ 4 II. THE SCIENCE AND METHODS OF DE-EXTINCTION ... ............ 7 A. Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer........... ............ 8 B. Genetic Engineering ........... .................. 11 C. Artificial Selection and Back-Breeding ............. 13 D. Implications of De-Extinction Methodologies.............. 15 III. THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT.......................... 17 A. Applicability of the ESA ................... ....... 21 B. Eligibility for ESA Listing ..................... 24 C. Eligibility for Listing as a Distinct Population Segment.. 28 IV. NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT. .................... 31 A. NEPA Review of Endangered Species Reintroductions .. 34 B. NEPA Review of GMO Introductions ..... ......... 38 C. NEPA Review of De-Extinction Projects ...... ....... 40 V. GMO REGULATION ............................................. 44 * Partner, Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, San Francisco, CA. Ph.D., Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 1986.J.D., Harvard Law School, 1994. ** Law Clerk to the Honorable Jerry E. Smith, U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. J.D., Stanford Law School, 2013. *** Associate, Pillsbury Winthrop Shaw Pittman LLP, San Francisco, CA.J.D., Georgetown University Law Center, 2010. t We thank Emily Burkett, Alina Fortson, and Dianne Sweeny for research assistance, Dr. Michelle Scott, Daniel Brownstone, Dr. David Gladstein, and Dr. Kenro Kusumi for discussions and insights which contributed to the development of this article, and Dr. Kusumi, Dr. Stephen Pratt, Donald Carr, Prof. Kenneth Manaster, and Wayne Whitlock for reviewing and providing valuable comments on a draft of this Article. We also thank the organizers and presenters of the Stanford Law School program on De-Extinction: Ethics, Law & Politics (May 31, 2013) which provided useful background information on de- extinction efforts and issues. This Article is dedicated to the memory of our colleague Don Carr, an exceptional and adventurous mind. 3

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