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14 Refuge 1 (1994-1995)

handle is hein.journals/rfgcjr14 and id is 1 raw text is: CANADA'S PERIODICAL ON REFUGEES Vol. 14 - No.1 SPECIAL ISSUE ON THE HORN OF AFRICA Horn of Africa: Its Intractable Dilemmas The Horn of Africa is a vast territory extending from the Red Sea to the In- dian Ocean on the south of the Arabian peninsula. Generally, the countries of the Horn include Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sudan, Somalia and Djibouti. The people of this region represent a vari- ety of ethnic, linguistic and religious backgrounds. Due to its strategic geo- graphical significance, the Horn of Africa has been a victim of foreign ag- gression for centuries. State bounda- ries within the Horn, for example, are the result of European colonialism. Colonial rule and the process of its es- tablishment created additional conflict that caused the displacement of many populations in the region. After inde- pendence, the Horn was once again victimized, by the military and dicta- torial regimes which replaced the former colonial authorities. Civil serv- ants often found themselves strug- gling with government jobs for which they were not prepared. The result was total social, economic and political disaster for the region (Siad Barre of Somalia and Haile Mariam Mengistu of Ethiopia are but two examples). The legacy of colonialism has been reinforced by ethnic, tribal, religious and other differences and inequalities. Exacerbated by superpower interven- tion, drought and famine, this legacy has caused the mass exodus of refu- gees and internally displaced people in the Horn. The 1984-85 famine in Ethiopia, the 1986-88 famine in south- ern Sudan and the present crisis in Somalia and southern Sudan are clearly related to the colonial legacy. In fact, refugee movement within the Horn has become a vicious cycle of violence, political instability and fam- ine. At present, there are more than five million refugees, making the refu- April 1994 gee population in the Horn the biggest in Africa and second highest in the world. This refugee problem has also become an obstacle to development. Whereas some of the obstacles to de- velopment are imposed from within, the international economic disorder also plays an important role in retard- ing the development of the region. As Rend Dumont (1969) clearly pointed out: The looting of the Third World has never stopped since the period of slavery and colonization. It is con- ( Yohannes Gebresellasie, 1994. This open-access work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License, which permits use, reproduction and distribution in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author(s) are credited and the original publication in Refuge: Canada's Journal on Refugees is cited. Contents Horn of Africa: Its Intractable Dilemmas Yohannes Gebresellasie ..... 1 Les Personnes Deplacees de la' Corne de l'Afrique Jean-Pierre M putu .................................................................................. 3 Refugee Exodus from Somalia: Revisiting the Causes H assan A . M oham ed ................................................................................ 6 Analyse Critique d'une Politique d'Assistance aux Refuges: Les Sites d'Installations Agricoles Ouverts pour les Refugids trythrdens au Soudan Shoa Asfaha et Vironique Lassailly-Jacob ...... 11 Repatriation of Sudanese Refugees from Ethiopia: A case study in manipulation of civilians during civil conflict Alastair and Patta Scott-Villiers, and Cole P. Dodge ............................ 19 Distributing Food Aid as a Civilization is Dismantled: The Case of Sudan J.K. Morris ........................................................ 26

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