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2 Race & Just. 3 (2012)

handle is hein.journals/rcjstc2 and id is 1 raw text is: Article Race and justice 2(1) 3-28 @ The Author(s) 2012 Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Fearome:Colo ialDOl: 10. 1177/2153368711436014 Legacies, Racial http://ra.sagepub.com Constructions, and Male SAGE Adolescent Violence Katherine Irwin' and Karen Umemoto2 Abstract Violence and masculinity, as many criminologists have argued, are tightly coupled in the United States. According to the current masculinity and crime perspectives, men who confront multiple oppressions (e.g., class, race, and political) are particularly apt to use violence because, while marginalized men lack economic power, they possess power in terms of their gender, especially through the use or threat of violence. While many scholars acknowledge that racial oppression can contribute to the development of violent masculine identities, the authors argue that race remains undertheorized in prevailing explanations of masculine identities and violence. In this study, the authors argue for further advancement of the colonial criminology framework to deepen our understanding of the race-based inequalities leading up to violence. More specifically, the authors analyze data collected from a 6-year ethnographic study of youth violence among Pacific Islander adolescents to illustrate the effects of the lasting legacy of colo- nialism as well as the continuing salience of racial and ethnic identity formation in explanations of violence, primarily involving Native Hawaiian and Samoan youths in Hawai'i. Keywords colonial theory, criminological theories, juvenile delinquency, race and juvenile justice, school violence, Asian/Pacific Islanders, race/ethnicity, code of the streets Department of Sociology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA 2 Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA Corresponding Author: Katherine Irwin, Department of Sociology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Saunders Hall 247, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. Email: Kirwin@hawaii.edu

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