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34 Preview U.S. Sup. Ct. Cas. 1 (2006-2007)

handle is hein.journals/prvw33 and id is 1 raw text is: hvI W VW

COVERING THE COURT'S ENTIRE OCTOBER
CALENDAR OF CASES, INCLUDING ...
LOPEZ v. GONZALES
AND
TOLEDO-FLORES V. UNITED STATES
The Immigration and Nationality Act attaches many consequences
to a noncitizen's commission of an aggravated felony. Not only
does this crime render the noncitizen removable, but it also bars
various forms of relief from removal. The Federal Sentencing
Guidelines also include specific sentencing consequences for
aggravated felonies. The INA contains a definition of crimes cate-
gorized as aggravated felonies, but the circuits are split as to
whether this definition includes state-law drug felonies that would
only be misdemeanors under federal criminal law.
CUNNINGHAM V. CALIFORNIA
In overturning Washington's sentencing guidelines system in 2004,
the Supreme Court held that When a judge inflicts punishment
that the jury's verdict alone does not allow, the jury has not found
all the facts which the law makes essential to the punishment, and
the judge exceeds his proper authority. For most felonies,
California law provides three possible sentences. The sentencing
judge may impose the most severe of the three sentences if the
judge finds there are circumstances in aggravation of the crime.
This case asks whether defendants have a constitutional right to
have those facts found by a jury instead of the judge.
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