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28 NARF Legal Rev. 1 (2003)

handle is hein.journals/narf28 and id is 1 raw text is: of the United States military in removing the Hawaiian q' monarch, Queen Lili'u'oka ani, l from power and installing the provisional government was illegal under American and international law. Prior to the overthrow Hawai'i was regarded internationally as one of the family of nations, which had concluded numerous treaties of trade, commerce and friendship with several countries including the United States. The Apology was a watershed event in American history, seen by many Hawaiian people as the first step in making reparations for the illegal overthrow. The overthrow has, for over a century, been viewed by Hawaiians as the ultimate atrocity committed against their sovereign nation, the cul- mination of the enormous political, social, cultural, economic and spiritual changes wrought on the Hawaiian people since the 1778 arrival of Captain Conk,.e, oadMm The Apology has fueled the passions of the immoral and unjust, is seen as but a first step in the long process of establishing ho'o- pono'pono - the Hawaiian traditional system for making things right. For many years the Native 410 American Rights Fund has been involved in the Hawaiian rights movement, commencing with our assistance in the founding of the Native Hawaiian Legal Corporation (NHLC) more than 20 years ago. Also, since the mid-1980s, NARF has co-counseled with NHLC and private counsel in representing the Pele Defense Fund (PDF) in efforts to prevent large-scale geothermal development in the Wao Kele '0 Puna rain- forest on the Big Island, 27,000 acres of which are owned by the Campbell Estate, one of the largest Iand-holding estates in Hawai i. 11 ' 1b PDF and others were ul timately successful in turning away large-scale geothermal development on the Big Island, in part because such a venture WIOTERISPRIN G 2003 VOLUME 28, NO. I

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