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43 Lab. Stud. J. 5 (2018)

handle is hein.journals/labstuj43 and id is 1 raw text is: Official Journal of United Association for Article Labor Education Labor Studies journal 2018, Vol. 43(l) 5-28 Obstacles to Nurses' Labor @ 2017 UALE M n Reprints and permissions: Militancy in Central A merica: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1 177/0160449X17733106 Toward a Framework for journals.sagepub.com/home/lsj Cross-National Comparison of Nurses' Collective Action Lisa Kowalchuki Abstract This paper seeks to understand the low level of nurses' labor militancy in El Salvador and Nicaragua compared with many other countries. Key to the analysis is the concept of oppositional consciousness, which was developed for the study of how oppressed groups convert anger over unjust treatment into vocal and even disruptive demands for change. I use data collected through interviews and focus groups to argue that while nurses in El Salvador and Nicaragua face many of the same hindrances to militancy seen elsewhere, they are more exposed to cultural and institutional forces that discourage a contestational stance. Chief among these are the influence of religion in nurses' schooling and socialization, and nurses' lack of experience with unions specific to their occupation. The latter owes, in turn, to particular historical and political factors in each country. Keywords nurses, labor militancy, unions, Central America, gender Introduction There has been a marked rise in labor militancy among registered nurses (RN) across several continents in the last quarter of the twentieth century, a global trend that can be better understood by looking at the counter case of Latin America in general, and Central America in particular. After decades of relative quiescence in response to their 'University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada Corresponding Author: Lisa Kowalchuk, Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East, Guelph, ON, Canada NIG 2W1. Email: lkowalch@uoguelph.ca

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