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4 J. Islamic L. 1 (2023)

handle is hein.journals/jrnloim4 and id is 1 raw text is: Journal of Islamic Law (JIL), Vol. 4, No.1, 2023. Examining the Impact of the Book of Enoch, Sefer Yetzirah, and Greek Civilization on the Jewish Calendar System: An Islamic Astronomical Law Perspective Meneliti Dampak Kitab Enoch, Sefer Yetzirah, dan Peradaban Yunani terhadap Sistem Kalender Yahudi: Perspektif Hukum Astronomi Islam Youla Afifah Azkarrula* Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia youlaafifahrvvl@gmail.com Susanne M. Hoffmann Independent Scholar, Jena, Germany service@urania-uhura. de Ahmad Izzuddin Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia izzuddin@walisongo.ac.id DOI: 10.24260/jil.v4i1.1153 Received: December 26, 2022 Revised: January23, 2023 Approved: January 27, 2023 * Corresponding Author Abstract: This article analyzes changes in the reference system of the Jewish Calendar. Initially, the Jewish Calendar was based on the movement of the Sun. However, the calendar system used by the Jewish community worldwide now refers to two celestial bodies, the Sun and Moon. This study is literature research with a qualitative approach and uses the Book of Enoch and Sefer Yetzirah as primary sources. The authors found that the first reference system of the Jewish Calendar, which was based on the movement of the Sun (Solar calendar), follows the description in the Book of Enoch and Sefer Yetzirah. These two books explain the calendar system used by Prophet Enoch to Prophet Moses. The Solar calendar reference system was later replaced with the Lunar calendar in the second century BCE. Six centuries later, the Jewish calendar returned to using a Solar calendar combined with the Lunar calendar, known as the Lunisolar calendar. The latest reference system is a mathematical calendar with the Metonic cycle that refers to the movement of the Sun and Moon. The authors argue that the influence of Greek civilization and adjustments to the difference between the Lunar and Solar years caused the changes in the reference system of the Jewish Calendar. Keywords: Jewish Calendar, Book of Enoch, Greek Civilization, Sefer Yetzirah, Meton Cycle. [1]

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