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33 J. Res. Crime & Delinquency 5 (1996)

handle is hein.journals/jrcd33 and id is 1 raw text is: THE SECOND GENERATION OF AMERICAN CRIMINAL JUSTICE JAMES 0. FINCKENAUER WILLIAM S. LAUFER The scholarly foundation for the academic field of criminal justiceis really no more than two generations old (see Rock 1994; Johnson 1988; Jones 1986). Unfortunately, many of the first generation are all but forgotten- MacDonald, Mosby, Henderson, Hooton, Parmelee, Teeters, Woods, Von Hentig, Tappan, Burgess, Thrasher, and Taft. Most of these psychologists, sociologists, and law scholars were well known in their day. They were acclaimed professors, researchers, judges, and former police chiefs-all students of crime, criminals, and the system of criminal justice. As we approach the 21st century, it is increasingly rare that their work is still excerpted-usually in compilations of classical criminology readings with such European pioneers as Lombroso, Ferri, Garofalo, and Tarde. Only a few of the first-generation American scholars, such as Sutherland and Sellin, continue to stand out as intellectual pillars. Their brilliance laid much of the foundation for a field of study that would soon become an academic field after moving into its second and defining generation. By Edwin H. Sutherland's death on October 11, 1950, graduate criminol- ogy programs were active at universities and colleges around the United States, including the Universities of Chicago, Wisconsin, Pennsylvania, Minnesota, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, and Maryland, as well as Ohio State University and New York University. Many of the same journals that define our field today, such as the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, The Howard Journal, The Prison Journal, and Crime and Delinquency,' were reporting on many of the very controversies that move current scholars. As secretary general of the International Penal and Penitentiary Commission, the University of Pennsylvania's Thorsten Sellin (1950) called for a greater consideration of international and comparative criminology. University of California, Berkeley, Professor (and former Police Chief of Wichita, Kansas) 0. W. Wilson (1950) raised questions about delinquency-reporting practices. Professor Marshall Clinard (1951) of the University of Wisconsin promoted the wisdom of criminal career research and discussed concerns with individual- JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN CRIME AND DELINQUENCY, Vol. 33 No. 1, February 1996 5-15 @ 1996 Sage Publications, Inc. 5 from the SAGE Social Science Collections. All Rights Reserved.

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