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12 J. Pol. Stud. 1 (2007)

handle is hein.journals/jlo12 and id is 1 raw text is: Journal of Political Studies Nuclearization of South Asia and the Future of Non-Proliferation Dr. Nazir Hussain* Abstract The global concerns regarding the dangers posed by nuclear proliferation have aggravated since Pakistan and India joined the nuclear club as de-facto members. The NPT was introduced as a cornerstone to curb the proliferation of nuclear weapons, however, it has lost is efficacy because of the super powers interests and priorities. Current status of South Asia, where the nuclear conundrum prevails, is the result of fluctuating US Non-Proliferation policy towards the region. However, NPT is the only effective tool available to contain the aspirations of more states to follow the South Asian example. Therefore, international community should device a comprehensive strategy for the imposition of true spirit of NPT both vertically and horizontally. This paper covers three areas concerning nuclear proliferation; the evolution of non-proliferation efforts, the implications of South Asian nuclearization and the future of non- proliferation in the wake of South Asian nuclearization. I have in mind the spiritual aberration that I call nuclearism, the exaggerated dependence upon, even worship of, nuclear weapons. We embrace the weapons for purpose of safety and security, and seek in them a means of keeping the world going, a form of salvation. Nuclear winter contributes to our imagination by making it clear that the end point of nuclearism is extinction.' Robert J. Lifton In the contemporary security environment, the most potent challenge to global peace and security is the spread of nuclear weapons. The international security environment remained tense during the 40 years of the Cold War under the fear of a possible nuclear war. The end of the Cold War mitigated the fear of nuclear annihilation but the global concerns were revived by the nuclearization of the South Asia in May 1998 when India conducted its nuclear tests and Pakistan followed suit to maintain the regional balance of power. The instruments of US nuclear non-proliferation policy, sanctions and incentives towards South Asia appeared to have failed.2 The US imposed mandatory sanctions and had identified five bench marks for their removal;3 1) Curb on further development or deployment of nuclear capable missiles and aircraft 2) Accession to Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) 3) Participation in Fissile Material Cut off Treaty (FMCT) negotiations 4) Curbs on the transfer of nuclear technology and hardware, and 5) India and Pakistan dialogue on normalization of relations. Author is Assistant Professor at the Department of Defence and Strategic Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 1

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