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25 J. Legal Aspects Sport 1 (2015)

handle is hein.journals/jlas25 and id is 1 raw text is: Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport, 2015, 25,1-9 http //dx doi org/10 1123/jlas 2014-0024 Human Kinetics .Z @ 2015 Sport and Recreation Law Association CASE STUDY Ref, Is This the Final? Concussion Issues at the 2014 FIFA Men's World Cup: A Case Study John T. Wendt and John J. Miller As seen at the 2014 World Cup, concussions can occur in the heat of the moment even on the biggest stage of the world. According to World Cup policy, if a who suffers a concussion, the game still goes on and their teams have a choice, either continue to play a man down or substitute for the injured player. As a result, players want to stay in the game and time is of the essence. Yet, many athletes do not recognize their symptoms as being the result of a concussion, nor do they believe that sustaining a concussion is a potentially grave problem. This case study reveals how players react to potentially incurring a concussion as well as what international organizations are doing to combat this issue. What are sports leagues in the United States and globally doing to educate athletes and coaches about concussion symptoms? Sport-related concussions have been recognized as a major public health con- cern of traumatic death and disability on a global basis (Thurman, Alverson, Dunn, Guerrero, & Sniezek, 1999). According to Doolan, Day, Maerlander, Goforth, and Bronlinson (2012) not only are the number of athletes taking part in contact and collision sports worldwide has increase, so has the frequency of sports-related concussions. As a result, the awareness of the long-term impacts and dangers of concussions have greatly increased, thereby becoming a considerable issue (Benson, Meeuwisse, Rizos, Kang, & Burke, 2011; Persky, 2013). Although historically, many people have believed that concussions required a loss of consciousness (Harmon et al., 2013), such an occurrence is not always the case (American Academy of Neurology, 1997; Ellenbogen, Beger, & Hunt, 2010). What were once referred to as dings, hits, or many other less ominous-sounding names by athletes are now clearly defined as concussions (Ellenbogen et al., 2010). However, identifying the existence of a concussion is a very challenging part of concussion management since the signs and symptoms can be unclear as every concussion is unique (Doolan et al., 2012; Kissick & Johnston, 2005). If the presence of a concussion is not detected and the athlete returns to play prematurely, the athlete may fall into one of three categories of concern: second impact syndrome (SIS), a prolonged recovery from sequential concussions (post- concussion syndrome), or chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) (D'Hemecourt, Wendt (jtwendt@stthomas.edu) is with the Dept. of Ethics and Business Law, University of St. Thomas, Minneapolis, MN. Miller is with the College of Health and Human Services. Troy University Troy, AL. 1

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