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21 Nw. U. J. Int'l Hum. Rts. 1 (2023)

handle is hein.journals/jihr21 and id is 1 raw text is: Copyright 2023 by John Ramming Chappell Volume 21, Number 1 (2023) Northwestern Journal of Human Rights THE RISE AND FALL OF SECTION 502B John Ramming Chappell* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. THE MECHANICS OF SECTION 502B ................................................3 II. THE RISE OF SECTION 502B.............................................................5 A. The Origins of Section 502B 5 B. Establishing Human Rights Reports 10 III. EXECUTIVE RESISTANCE AND THE FALL OF SECTION 502B..........12 A. Early Executive Resistance 12 B. Section 502B in the Carter Era 13 C. Executive Disregard for Section 502B after Carter 15 D. Judicial Tolerance 17 E. Legislative Acquiescence 20 IV. THE RETURN OF SECTION 502B?...................................................22 A. Resurgent Interest in Congress 23 B. A Potential Role for 502B 26 C. Potential Constitutional Barriers to Using Section 502B 29 V. APPLYING SECTION 502B ..............................................................33 A. Approaches to Enforcing Section 502B 33 B. Application to Saudi Arabia 35 VI. HUMAN RIGHTS AT THE CENTER OF U.S. FOREIGN POLICY ......39 John Ramming Chappell is a joint J.D. and M.S. in Foreign Service candidate, 2023, at Georgetown University. I would like to thank Professors Rita Siemion and Heather Brandon-Smith for their guidance and support. I am grateful to Katie Dames and Ari Tolany for reviewing drafts of this Article, and to Annie Shiel, Brittany Benowitz, David Fite, Seth Binder, and Professor Jane Stromseth for their insights and questions. Finally, thanks to the Northwestern Journal of Human Rights staff for their editorial work. Any errors or oversights are mine alone. I

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