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37 J. Fam. Violence 1 (2022)

handle is hein.journals/jfamv37 and id is 1 raw text is: Journal of Family Violence (2022) 37:1-14 https://doi.org/10.1007/sl0896-020-00218-5 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Equality in the Home and in the Community: a Multilevel Longitudinal Analysis of Intimate Partner Violence on the Ecuadorian-Colombian Border Sarah Treves-Kagan' - Amber Peterman2 - Nisha C Gottfredson' - Andres Villaveces3 - Kathryn E. Moracco' Suzanne Maman' Accepted: 1 November 2020 / Published online: 18 November 2020 C Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract Intimate partner violence (IPV) effects over a third of Latin American women and results in significant health, economic and social consequences. While theory suggests that increasing the status of women, in their homes and neighborhoods, should prevent IPV, little empirical work has tested this in South America, in particular examining neighborhood-level indicators. We conduct multilevel analysis to identify predictors of recent emotional and physical and/or sexual IPV within a longitudinal sample of 1312 low-income women living in northern Ecuador, near the Colombian border. Status indicators, measured at the household and neighborhood-level, included women's asset ownership, intra-household decision making, labor force participation, and education, age, and salary relative to male partner. Females' increasing participation in household decision-making (between time 1 and time 2) was associated with decreased risk of physical and/or sexual (AOR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.78) and emotional IPV (AOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.06), although the latter was marginally significant. Increases in neighborhood-level decision-making was protective against emotional IPV (AOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.61, 0.99). Women with lower education than their partners were significantly more likely to experience IPV than women with the same or more education as their partner. Indicators of economic status of women were not associated with IPV outcomes in the expected directions. Findings support policies and interventions seeking to raise the status of women as a mechanism to reduce IPV. Future research can explore economic empowerment and IPV, as well as the interaction between household and neighborhood-level factors. Keywords Intimate partner violence - Ecuador - Colombia - Status of women - Emotional, physical, and sexual abuse 2 Sarah Treves-Kagan Suzanne Maman kagan.sarah@gmail.com maman@email.unc.edu Amber Peterman 1 Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public amberpeterman@gmail.com Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr., Nisha C Gottfredson Chapel Hill, USA gottfredson@unc.edu 2 Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Andres Villaveces Hill, 131 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC, USA avillav@email.unc.edu Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Kathryn E. Moracco Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Dr., moracco@email.unc.edu Chapel Hill, USA ' Springer

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