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34 J. Fam. Violence 1 (2019)

handle is hein.journals/jfamv34 and id is 1 raw text is: Journal of Family Violence (2019) 34:1-8 https://doi.org/10.1007/si0896-018-9963-6 ORIGINAL ARTICLE CrossMark Counting Dead Women in Australia: An In-Depth Case Review of Femicide Patricia Cullen,2 - Geraldine Vaughan' Zhuoyang Li Jenna Price3 - Denis Yu4 - Elizabeth Sullivan'' Published online: 27 April 2018 C Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2018, corrected publication May/2018 Abstract Gender-based fatal violence (femicide) is a preventable cause of premature death. The Counting Dead Women Australia (CDWA) campaign is a femicide census counting violent deaths of women in Australia from 2014. We conducted a cross-sectional in- depth review of CDWA cases Jan-Dec 2014 to establish evidence of antecedent factors and describe femicide in Australia. Victim (n = 81) and perpetrator (n = 83) data were extracted from the CDWA register, law databases and coronial reports. Mixed methods triangulation of socio-demographic and incident characteristics. Women ranged in age from 20 to 82 years of age (44 15.4). There were 83 perpetrators, of which 13 were unknown (not yet apprehended). Known perpetrators (n = 70) ranged in age from 16 to 72 years of age (40 + 12.7) and 89% were male (62/70). The location of the crime was most frequently the victim's home (49/70). In cases where the relationship between the victim and perpetrator was known (n = 59), over half of femicides were committed by intimate-partners (33/59). Intimate-partner perpetrators were more likely to have a history of violence and commit murder-suicide than other perpetrators. Femicide is overwhelmingly perpetrated by males, with women most vulnerable in their own home and with their intimate partners. Furthermore, intimate-partner femicide is associated with modifiable risk factors, including previous violence and mental health issues, which represents opportunities for early intervention within healthcare settings as practitioners are well-placed to identify risk and provide support. In line with recommendations for multi-sectoral approach, future research should target identification of risk and protective factors, and improved coordination of data collection. Keywords Femicide - Family violence - Intimate partner violence - Gender-based violence - Homicide - Women Introduction Violence against women is a global public health problem, which at its most extreme, results in femicide - homicide of a woman regardless of the gender or intent of the perpetrator (Mouzos 1999). Femicide is a preventable cause of premature 2W Elizabeth Sullivan Elizabeth.Sullivan@uts.edu.au Australian Centre for Public and Population Health Research, The Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia 2 The George Institute for Global Health, The University ofNew South Wales, Sydney, Australia 3 School of Communication, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia 4 Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, USA s PO Box 123, Broadway NSW 2007 Australia death; however the perpetration of gender-based fatal violence continues to be a pervasive violation of the human rights of women. In Australia, the estimated femicide rate for 2010-2012 was 0.8 per 100,000 Australian women, of which two thirds were domestic homicides that involved family members or intimate partners (Bryant and Cussen 2015). Women are vast- ly over-represented as victims in domestic homicides and in particular account for over 75% of all intimate partner homi- cides (Bryant and Cussen 2015): they are 3-times more likely than men to be murdered in their home by a current or former partner. The strongest predictors of intimate partner femicide are: history of intimate partner violence (IPV) and; during relation- ship estrangement, post-separation and at re-partnering (Beyer et al. 2013; Commonwealth of Australia 2009, 2016b; Du Plat-Jones 2006; Petrosky et al. 2017). Other risk factors in- clude perpetrator unemployment and residing with a child who is not biologically linked to the perpetrator, while prior arrest of a perpetrator was found to be a protective factor (Beyer et al. 2013). In contrast to intimate partner femicide, t Springer

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