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24 J. Fam. Violence 1 (2009)

handle is hein.journals/jfamv24 and id is 1 raw text is: J Fam Viol (2009) 24:1-9 DOI 10.1007/s10896-008-9192-5 (RITQINAL ARTICLE A Path Analysis on Elder Abuse by Family Caregivers: Applying the ABCX Model Minhong Lee Published online: 5 June 2008 C Springer Science + Business Media, LLC 2008 Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate Hill's ABCX model as an explanation for the caregiving stress process to elder abuse. However, due to ethical concerns on elder abuse studies, caregivers' impulsive feelings to commit elder abuse were employed as an index to address elder abuse. The sample included 279 family caregivers for older adults with physical or cognitive impairments in South Korea. A path analysis was con- ducted to test the ABCX model. The results of path analysis did not statistically support the ABCX model as an explanation for caregivers' impulsive feelings to commit elder abuse. Based on the findings of this study, the revised ABCX model was suggested for practitioners and research- ers to better understand caregiving stress process to impulses of elder abuse. Keywords ABCX model - Elder abuse - Family caregivers Introduction In South Korea, there are relatively more prevalence studies than research on risk factors or interventions for elder abuse, because elder abuse researchers intended to educate the public to recognize that it is a serious social problem. These studies on prevalence of elder abuse have employed the same definitions of the major types of elder abuse, which are found in Western literature (Lee and Kolomer 2005; Park 2004). M. Lee (@9) Department of Social Welfare, Dong-Eui University, 995 Eomgwangno, Busan Jin-Gu, Busan 614-714, South Korea e-mail: minhong@deu.ac.kr The Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs first conducted the nationwide study on the prevalence of elder abuse in 1999 (Cho et al. 2000). A total number of 865 older adults were interviewed from six metropolitan cities in South Korea. This research is still the most widely cited study in South Korea (Kim 2003). Results of this study reported that overall prevalence rates at community level were 8.2%: 0.3% for physical abuse, 7.7% for psycholog- ical abuse, 2.1% for financial exploitation, 2.5% for neglect and 1.0% for the other types of elder abuse. In 2002, the National Human Rights Commission of Korea divided the whole country into four major districts for systematically sampling the older population, and recruited 1,349 older Koreans who also represented a ratio of three (urban elderly) to one (rural elderly). Respondents were interviewed face to face and asked a series of questions on health status, living arrangements, life satis- faction, and elder abuse. In this study, 37.7% of the respondents answered that they experienced at least one type of elder abuse which included neglect, emotional abuse, verbal abuse, physical abuse, and financial exploi- tation (NHRCK 2003). For example, 8.6% of the partic- ipants had experienced that though they could not prepare meals due to their disabilities, their caregivers left them home alone. Furthermore, 2.2% answered that their family members or other relative had hit them with hands or feet, and 3.1% experienced that they have been pushed down. Various theories have been developed to help explain the causes of violence against elders: for example, pathology model, situational model, social exchange theory, symbolic interactionist theory, social learning theory, and social construction of old age (Anetzberger 1987; Bennett et al. 1997; Pillemer and Wolf 1986). However, most of elder abuse researchers have pointed out that one explanation for elder abuse has considerable limitations. Rather, several e Springer

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