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2 J. Energy & Dev. 1 (1976-1977)

handle is hein.journals/jeldv2 and id is 1 raw text is: CONSERVING ENERGY: ISSUES, OPPORTUNITIES, PROSPECTS Joel Darmstadter* The Many Faces of Energy Conservation This paper discusses the merits and appropriateness of different means to achieve a desired end - that of energy conservation. The means may be broadly differentiated as to greater or lesser reliance on market forces, on the one hand, or greater or lesser reliance on public interventionist policies, on the other. We referred to the desirability of energy conservation as an unexceptionable objective. On close examination, that notion may not be quite so clearcut. So, before considering means of implementation, it is useful to dwell a bit on some of the ambiguity surrounding the concept of conservation. At a first glance, energy conservation seems both easy to define and incontestable as a social goal. For, in the sense in which it currently figures as a public issue of growing prominence - promising undiminished human satisfaction, but with dampened energy use - energy conservation addresses a host of attractive objectives: it signifies the reduction or elimination of waste; it would stretch out finite natural resources; it would minimize environmental damage; for numerous countries, it would aid the balance of payments and blunt the insecurity of foreign dependence; and it might help redistribute limited energy supplies toward geographic regions or toward applications of greatest need. In fact, a bit of probing suggests that energy conservation is not that easy *An economist, the author is a Fellow with Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C., on whose staff he has been since 1966. His book, Conserving Energy: Prospects and Opportunities in the New York Region, was published in 1975. Among numerous other writings, he is the principal author of Energy in the World Economy (1971). He has had advisory and consulting responsibilities with the National Academy of Sciences and several United States government agencies. 1

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