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10 J. Common Mkt. Stud. 1 (1971)

handle is hein.journals/jcmks10 and id is 1 raw text is: CHANGING VALUE PRIORITIES AND EUROPEAN INTEGRATION* By RONALD INGLEHART University of Michigan and University of Geneva I Is nationalism a declining force in Western Europe? We have argued that it is,' deriving this expectation from hypotheses about inter- generational changes in the socialization process: if one's sense of nationality is formed relatively early in life2 and tends to persist throughout one's adult years, one would expect that the generation which had been formed in the era of intense nationalism preceding and during World War I would retain a relatively nationalistic outlook today, when compared with younger groups. By contrast, the age cohorts which have matured since 1945 might be expected to be much less nationalistic, and perhaps relatively ready to surrender some of their national sovereignty to European political institutions. They did not experience the feelings of fear and hostility which surely must have * I am indebted to Jacques-Rene Rabier, Director-General of the European Communities Information Service, for the cooperation which he extended at every stage of the research reported here. I See Ronald Inglehart, 'An End to European Integration?' The Anwrican Political Science Review, Vol. 61, no. 3 (March 1967). 2 See, for example, Jean Piaget, Le d6veloppeient chez l'entimt de l'idde de patric et de relations avec l'&tranger', Buictin Internationiale de Science Sociale, UNESCO, 1961, PP 3, 6o, 621. Piaget concludes that the concept of nationality is fully developed by age 14. Adelson and O'Neil converge in finding that between the ages of 13 and 15, the individual normally develops a sense of political community. See Joseph Adelson and Robert O'Neil, 'Growth of Political Ideas in Adolescence: The Sense of Coniuntnity', Journal of Personality and Social PsycholoeQy, 4, 3(July-December 1966), pp. 295-100. I less and Torney find that, in the U.S., the development of 'diffuse support' for political authorities has largely been coniplcted by puberty-somse additional development may take place in adolescence, but the rate of change hass alreadv tapered off by age 13 or so. See Robert less and Judith Torney with David Jackson, The Dielopment of Basic Attitudes and Values Toward Goiernunent, Part I (Chicago, 196), p. 380; cf. Gustav Jahoda, 'Children's Ideas about Country and Nationality'. British Journal of Educationial Psychol,y, June 1963. The work of Erik Erikson also suggests the existence of a critical age range, during which one's basic political identity is formed-with relatively little chance of protund miodifica- tion thereafter. Erikson places the development of social identity during puberty and adolescence. See Erik II. Erikson, Childhood and Society (New York: Norton, 1963).

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