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52 J. Conflict Resol. 3 (2008)

handle is hein.journals/jcfltr52 and id is 1 raw text is: Volume 5 Number 1 Ferur 211L11 008 3-38 © 008 Sage_, Publ icatious Warlike Democracies Itmp:,/ji.,i,_epub.com hosted at John Ferejohnolin ttp:/oul uegepepucoo Department of Political Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California Frances McCall Rosenbluth Department of Political Science, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut Classical republican theories are monadic in the sense of seeing in each political regime a set of typical operating characteristics. There is disagreement as to what those charac- teristics are and specifically whether republican governments are more likely to be agg- ressive or peace loving. We group these two views as (democratic) mobilization theory versus (republican) checks theory and argue, first, that each can help us understand the finer structure of republican government; second, that they are not contradictory but can be combined in various ways in the same institutions; and third, that they offer the pro- spect of deepening our understanding of what is called the democratic peace proposition. Keywords: Machiavelli; Kant; democratic peace; mobilization 1. Introduction Long before the current age of democracy, political commentators from Thu- cydides and Polybius to Machiavelli and Kant advanced arguments about the Authors' Note: We thank Bruce Russett for his generosity in sharing data from his research on the Pelo- ponnesian War, and for helpful comments on several versions of this paper. We also thank Emily Mackil, Ian Morris, Josh Ober, Pasquale Pasquino, Walter Scheidel, and Barry Strauss for participating in a workshop on War and Politics in Ancient Greece on December 5-6, 2004; Mary Beard, Tim Cornell, William Harris, Andrew Lintott, Wilfried Nippel, and Nate Rosenstein for a workshop on War and Poli- tics in Republican Rome on March 20-21, 2005; and Bill Caferro, Sam Cohn, Steven Epstein, Pasquale Pasquino, Christine Shaw, and David Wootton for a workshop on War and Politics in Medieval and Early Modern Italian City Italian city-states on December 14-15, 2005. We are grateful to the Bellagio Study and Conference Center of the Rockefeller Foundation for supporting the Italian city-states work- shop and to the Georg W. Leitner Program and the Yale Center for International and Area Studies for financial support that made the workshops possible. Alisa Ardito, Michelle Tolman-Clarke, Curtis Eastin, Erica Franklin, Bryan Gervais, Harris Mylonas, and Sandy Henderson provided able research assistance, and Mario Chacon was an excellent statistical assistant and consultant. We also thank Kenneth Arrow, Gary Cox, Robert Dahl, Keith Darden, Shigeo Hirano, Istvan Hont, Bob Keohane, Joseph LaPalombara, John McCormick, Kevin Quinn, Dan Reiter, Chuck Sabel, Kenneth Schultz, Ian Shapiro, Jim Vreeland, (dear, late) Michael Wallerstein, Barry Weingast, David Weinstein, and partici- pants in the Political Economy Colloquium at the Hoover Institution in 2006 for helpful comments. Data are available in the appendices, and in digital form at http://jcr.sagepub.com/supplemental. 3

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