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27 Int'l Crim. Just. Rev. 5 (2017)

handle is hein.journals/intcrm27 and id is 1 raw text is: Article International Criminal justice Review 2017, Vol. 27(l) 5-18 @ 2016 Georgia State University Reprints and permission: sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Individual Liberties, and DOI: 10.1177/1057567716680401 journals.sagepub.com/home/ic Crime Rates: An Assessment OSAGE of 40 Countries Jay Albanese Abstract The balance between crime control methods and individual liberties is always problematic, creating tension, because in order to investigate crime, and adjudicate and punish offenders, it is necessary to make reasonable intrusions into the liberty of citizens. This study uses data from 40 countries to examine the crime control measures (police per capita and conviction rates) that reflect government investments in criminal justice apparatus to control crime and crim- inals, as well as the use of these crime control measures through government intervention in the lives of its citizens (formal citizen contacts with police, prosecution rate, and detention rate), to examine their impact on crime victimization rates (homicide rates and crimes included in the international crime victim survey). The purpose is to examine whether these government interventions have any impact on crime rates across countries, controlling other independent variables that might help to explain any observed relationships among these variables (such as measures of civil liberties, democracy, human development, available information and com- munications technologies, political rights, corruption perceptions, education, economic free- dom, freedom of the press, and prosperity). Keywords comparative criminal justice, crime control, social and political factors, crime rates, homicide rates The balance between crime control methods and individual liberties is always problematic, creating tension, because in order to investigate crime, and adjudicate and punish offenders, it is necessary to make reasonable intrusions into the liberty of citizens. These intrusions include formal police contacts with citizens, prosecution, conviction, and detention. Besides individual liberty interests, another constraint on these criminal justice interventions into the lives of citizens is the resources available. That is, a country's financial capacity to fund police, courts, and corrections impacts its ability for effective crime control and its impacts on individual 'Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA Corresponding Author: Jay Albanese, Virginia Commonwealth University, 923 West Franklin St, Richmond, VA 23284, USA. Email: jsalbane@vcu.edu

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