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45 Int'l L. News 1 (2016-2017)

handle is hein.journals/inrnlwnw45 and id is 1 raw text is: 







INTERNATIONAL


               LAW NEWS


W W WAME RICAN BARORG/ INTLAW


SUMMER   2016
SECTION OF INTERNATIONAL LAW


           VOL   45 NO. 1
AMERICAN  BAR ASSOCIATION


Using It. Drinking It. Trading It.

A  Primer on H20

By  Maria-Vittoria Giugi Carminati

  W   ater. It seems like such a simple prolut.
     Ubiquitous even, if we are lucky enough to
     live in a place where we use it to flush. And
yet, it is both big business and politically compli-
cated. Water is a fundamental need, both physically
and industrially It therefore makes sense that any
conversation about water trading triggers strong
feelings from a number of sectors. This article is an
overview of the various facets of the water trade, with
a brief case study of US water consumption, to pro-
vide a snapshot of the factors at play It is nt ueant
as an exhaustive treatise on international waer tra
or national water policies, but as a framework for
future research on the topic and an overview of
ongoing political and legal fights on the topic.

Water's International Market
   France is the top water exporter, accounting fur
30 percent of world exports. China comes in
with 17 percent of water exports. Italy is cloge
accounting for 15 percent of water exports Ihe a
States and Belgium-Luxembourg come in ne
45 percent and 4.3 percent each. The water import
countries are Hong Kong (16 percent), United
(14 percent), Japan (8.3 percent), Germany (75.
cent), and Belgium-Luxembourg (7.4 percent).
mind that water imports and exports include o  t
water and sparkling water. This gives a LItt  as tO
the numbers above if one just thinks of Perrier tnch
sparkling water) and San Pellegrino (Italian sparkig
water). These numbers, also, do not relct freshw
ter supplies within each of the countries an l  al
virtual water trading, discussed below
   The global average import duty rate or min
water is 10.2 percent, with some countries Ch
ing 0 percent and others charging 5    pcen
                            Cortn    -o p

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