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4 Ind. J.L. & Soc. Equal. 1 (2016)

handle is hein.journals/injlaseq4 and id is 1 raw text is: ndiana Journal of Law and Social EqualityV Indiana Journal of Law and Social Equality Volume 4, Issue i When Poverty is the Dagnosis: Th~e Healt h Effets of LIVing Without on the Individual Emily A. Benfer and Amanda M. Walsh* Poverty is the most serious and ignored public health crisis of the twenty- first century. The health of approximately 46.7 million individuals, who are predominantly low income and minorities, is threatened by the social determinants of health.1 For people experiencing poverty, the social determinants of health-the social, economic, cultural, and environmental conditions that influence individual and group health status-largely dictate overall health outcomes. In turn, individual and community health affects everyone, regardless of income level or minority status. For example, it dictates crime levels, quality of education, real estate markets, and healthcare costs, and is relevant in nearly every law and courtroom.2 Yet the * Emily A. Benfer is a Clinical Professor of Law and Director of the Health Justice Project, Loyola University Chicago School of Law and Loyola University School of Medicine Department of Public Health. Amanda M. Walsh is an Equal Justice Works Fellow with the Chicago Medical-Legal Partnership for Children, a program of the Legal Council for Health Justice (formerly AIDS Legal Council of Chicago), and a former student attorney in the Health Justice Project. This article is dedicated to every client and individual living without in America, who inspires our work and whose spark of divinity we honor. 1 See Emily A. Benfer, Health Justice: A Framework (and Call to Action) for the Elimination of Health Inequality and Social Injustice, 65 AM. U. L. REV. 2 (2015); see also Carmen DeNavas-Walt & Bernadette D. Proctor, U.S. Census Bureau, Income and Poverty in the United States: 2014 12 (2015), https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2o15/demo/p6o-252.pdf/. 2 See Benfer, supra note 1 (describing how efforts to improve health among low-income and minority communities are impeded by inequitable social structures, stereotypes, as well as legal systems and regulatory schemes that are not designed to contemplate the social determinants of health in decision-making models and legal interpretation). VOL. ' Issue 1

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