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38 Fletcher F. World Aff. 1 (2014)

handle is hein.journals/forwa38 and id is 1 raw text is: THE FLETCHER FORUM of WORLD AFFAIRS THE FLETCHER SCHOOL, TUFrS UNIVERS=TY WINTER 2014 VOL.38:1 $11.00 USA EDITOR'S NOTE In 2014, we find ourselves struggling to make sense of a landscape of enduring yet shifting conflicts and their impact on development, interna- tional partnerships, and human rights. We face many challenges: negotiating the future of a decade-long intervention in Afghanistan, extremism and state control in Pakistan, understanding the nexus between development and secu- rity in Africa, and a Syrian conflict seemingly at an impasse, among others. There are no easy answers in 2014. Within these pages, our authors consider the role of leadership, inter- national law, communications technology, and public diplomacy to address these challenges. In an interview with The Forum, JOSEPH S. NYE, JR. discusses the nature of executive leadership in the United States, in light of his recent book Presidential Leadership and the Creation of the American Era. G. WILLIAM ANDERSON also touches on leadership, urging the United States to better integrate security and development activities in Africa through a stronger partnership between the U.S. Agency for International Development and the Department of Defense. Colonel CHARLES J. BUTLER argues that to remain a superpower, the United States needs to address the mining and manufacturing of rare earth elements-a natural resource, of which China currently monopolizes the production. Pivoting from U.S. leadership, we turn our focus to current and post- conflict societies and concerns. ROBERT DOWD looks at the relation- ship between violent conflict and religious diversity, employing the example of Nigeria to lend a richer understanding. In an interview with The Forum, SARAH HOLEWINKSI and MARLA KEENAN of the Center for Civilians in Conflict share the perspective of an organization whose main goal is to aid those caught in the midst of armed conflict, by working with the affected civilians, the agencies and policymakers tasked to assist, as well as the military groups involved. They speak to the current and future challenges of Afghanistan, a topic also covered by MICHELLE BARSA who discusses the role for women in determining Afghanistan's future. Also looking at post-conflict societies, ERIN TUNNEY reveals the extent of gender-based violence in the peace processes of two post-conflict VOL.38:1 WINTER 2014

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