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20 Eur. J. on Crim. Pol'y & Rsch. 1 (2014)

handle is hein.journals/eurjcpr20 and id is 1 raw text is: Eur J Crim Policy Res (2014) 20:1-22 DOI 10.1007/s10610-013-9208-4 Testing for Individual Factors for the Fear of Crime Using a Multiple Indicator-Multiple Cause Model Aldrin Abdullah - Massoomeh Hedayati Marzbali - Helen Woofley -Azizi Bahauddin -Nor Zarifah Maliki Published online: 29 May 2013 O Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2013 Abstract In the extant literature, very few studies have simultaneously examined the impact of individual attributes, neighbourhood disorder and social cohesion on an individual's fear of crime. This article addresses the use of multiple-indicator, multiple-cause (MIMIC) analysis for testing different variables related to the fear of crime based on a number of theories. Face-to-face interviews with residents of a high-crime council estate were conducted to examine the crime rate, disorder, cohesion and the fear of crime in the participants' residential area. The results support the incivilities thesis and the vulnerability hypothesis, while the social disorganisation theory was partially supported. It was concluded that women and the elderly demonstrate higher levels of fear than men and the nonelderly and that crime, disorder and social cohesion have a direct effect on one's level of fear, as the decreases in neighbourhood cohesion increase the individuals' levels of fear. In addition, people who have been victimised and those who perceive higher levels of incivility were found to be more fearful of crime. By incorporating the three theories, the final model is able to account for 50 % of the variance in the fear of crime. Keywords Fear of crime - Incivilities - MIMIC model - Social disorganisation - Victimisation A. Abdullah (E) - M. Hedayati Marzbali - A. Bahauddin - N. Z. Maliki School of Housing, Building & Planning, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia e-mail: aldrin@usm.my M. Hedayate Marzbali e-mail: hedayati@usm.my A. Bahauddin e-mail: azizi@usm.my N. Z. Maliki e-mail: zarifah@usm.my H. Woolley Department of Landscape, University of Sheffield, Floor 13, The Arts Tower, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK e-mail: h.woolley@sheffield.ac.uk 4_ Springer

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