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4 Eur. J. Criminology 5 (2007)

handle is hein.journals/eujcrim4 and id is 1 raw text is: Volume 4 (1): 5-31: 1477-3708 DOI: 10.1177/1477370807071728 European Copyright 0 2007 European Society of Criminology and SAGE Publications .I London, Thousand Oaks CA, and New Delhi Crliinology www.sagepublications.com ARTICLES Group Sex Offending by Juveniles Coercive Sex as a Group Activity Catrien C. J. H. Bijleveld Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement and the Free University Amsterdam, The Netherlands Frank M. Weerman Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, The Netherlands Daphne Looije Youth Care Institute 'Jeugdformaat', The Hague, The Netherlands Jan Hendriks Youth Department of De Waag, The Hague, The Netherlands ABSTRACT We study sex offences carried out by groups of juveniles, focusing on offender characteristics and the interaction patterns within offender groups and between offenders and victims. Using reconstructions of offences from court files as well as information retrieved from personality screenings, we conclude that perpetrators generally had below-average intelligence, and otherwise a fairly average personality profile. Group size was on average four. Offences were generally not planned as such. In some cases, offenders had agreed to have sex with a victim, although without discussing how to arrange that. In other cases, offenders seemed to know what was going to happen without discussing it beforehand. In one-third of the groups, a leader orchestrated the offence during the perpetration. The group either was instrumental or functioned as a public to witness the debasement of the victim. The offence itself is often regarded as entertainment. In most offence situations at least one vaginal rape took place. In many cases the victim was threatened, even after completion of the offence. KEY WORDS Group Offending / Group Sex Offending / juvenile Sex Offending.

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