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7 DePaul J. Women Gender & L. 1 (2017-2018)

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     BROWER: WHAT JUDGES NEED TO KNOW: SCHEMAS, IMPLICIT BIAS, AND EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON
                   LGBT PARENTING AND DEMOGRAPHICS









          WHAT JUDGES NEED TO KNOW:
  SCHEMAS, IMPLICIT BIAS, AND EMPIRICAL
      RESEARCH ON LGBT PARENTING AND
                    DEMOGRAPHICS


                         Todd Brower*

I.     INTRODUCTION

    Despite the increasing number of lesbian, gay, bisexual and
transgender [LGBT]l  people on television, most are secondary or
background  characters.2 Since 2000, prime-time, Nielsen top-ten,


* Professor of Law, Western State College of Law, Irvine, CA.; Judicial
Education Director, The Williams Institute, UCLA School of Law, Los
Angeles, CA.
1 This article acknowledges LGBT persons and communities as subsets of a
larger group of individuals whose identities diverge from that of
heterosexual, gender-normative persons. See, e.g., Regents of the University
of California, Davis campus, LGBTQIA Resource Center Glossary,
https://1gbtqia.ucdavis.edu/educated/glossary.html (last updated Oct. 10,
2017). Brent L. Bilodau & Kristen A. Renn, Analysis ofLGBTIdentity
Development Models and Implications for Practice, in GENDER IDENTITY
AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION: RES., POL'Y, AND PERSONAL PERSPECTIVES,
111 NEW DIRECTIONS FOR STUDENT SERV., 25, 27, 32-33 (Ronnie L. Sanlo
ed., 2005). See, e.g., NANCY D. POLIKOFF, BEYOND (STRAIGHT AND GAY)
MARRIAGE: VALUING ALL FAMILIES UNDER THE LAW (2008).
2 See generally, Kelly Rice, Out on Television -A BriefHistory ofLGBT
Characters in Mainstream Television, EQUALLI, (April 20, 2015),
https://www.equalli.com/blog/out-on-television-a-brief-history-of-lgbt-
characters-in-mainstream-television/ (last visited November 11, 2017);
Robert Bianco, TV's gay characters, before and after Ellen, USA TODAY,
(May 31, 2017), https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/tv/2017/04/26/tvs-
gay-characters-before-and-after-ellen/100898898/ (last visited November
11, 2017); GLAAD Media Report, Where We Are On TV '17-'18:
GLAAD's  annual report on LGBTQ inclusion, GLAAD, 1, 6 (2017),
http://glaad.org/files/WWAT/WWATGLAAD_2017-2018.pdf  (last visited
November 11, 2017).

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