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2 J. Hum. Just. 1 (1990-1991)

handle is hein.journals/ctlcrm2 and id is 1 raw text is: Issue Editors' Introduction Issues in Social Order and Social Control Thomas O'Reilly-Fleming, University of Windsor, and Ronald Hinch, University of Guelph This has been a year in which the foundations of social order and social control have been challenged on a number of fronts around the world and in Canada. The Berlin Wall has fallen and initiated a radical transformation of the European political order. Throughout the communist satellite states the past year has witnessed liberation from political tyranny but not without continuing problems with 'new' regimes. Gorbachev, struggling for his own political survival during key periods, has been the central facilitator in the movement of the U.S.S.R. towards democratic forms of government. Reforms, though seemingly rapid, have been met throughout the Soviet Union with continuing pressure for quicker, more widesweeping changes. The new detente between the U.S.A. and the U.S.S.R., exemplified most recently by their joint condemnation of Iraq's invasion and occupation of Kuwait, has invoked a new, perhaps more hopeful world order. In South Africa, the release of Nelson Mandela after more than a quarter century of confinement has also signalled some perceivable shift in the attitude of the Pretoria government towards the integration of BlackAfricans into the mainstream of society. Even the ruling National Party recently amended its constitution to allow blacks to become members of the party. Caution, however, is advised. While the efforts of the South African government are welcomed steps in the right direction, they do not signal the end of apartheid, and without its removal there will be no birth of a democratic South Africa in the foreseeable future. CHALLENGES TO CANADIAN SOCIAL ORDER Within Canada, challenges to the existing social order have come from a variety of unexpected quarters in the form of direct political action and attacks upon core institutional powers. Concurrently, new forms of scholarship and academic interchange have produced, and are producing work which is unpacking, re- examining, and rebuilding the concepts of social order and social control. This enterprise means the re-examination of theory and research in criminology, as well as the development of both historically grounded analyses and new avenues of research. It may be, we assert, convincingly argued that this has been a time of innovative approaches to the creation of social disorder. This has been most graphically the case in the protest of native Canadians throughout 1990, and these deserve further discussion. 1

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