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41 Comp. Pol. Stud. 3 (2008)

handle is hein.journals/compls41 and id is 1 raw text is: January\ 2008 3-23 ' 00SXag Publications What Unites Right-Wing 101 11414006294168 hltp/k.sj,,igepub.com Populists in Western busted at http:/onlie.sagepubxcom Europe? Re-Examining Grievance Mobilization Models in Seven Successful Cases Elisabeth Ivarsflaten Nuffield College, University of Oxford,, United Kingdom Unlike for the green party family, no empirically backed scholarly consensus exists about the grievances mobilized by populist right parties in Western Europe. To the contrary, three competing grievance mobilization models can be distinguished in the existing literature. These models focus on grievances arising from economic changes, political elitism and corruption, and immi- gration. This study discusses these three grievance mobilization models and tests them on comparable cross-sectional survey data for all seven relevant countries using multinomial probit analysis. The study finds that no populist right party performed well in elections around 2002 without mobilizing grievances over immigration. However, it finds several examples of populist right parties experiencing electoral success without mobilizing grievances over economic changes or political elitism and corruption. This study there- fore solves a long-standing disagreement in the literature by comprehen- sively showing that only the appeal on the immigration issue unites all successful populist right parties. Keywords: political parties; populist right; immigration; grievance mobi- lization; Western Europe; multinomial probit In the 1980s and 1990s, the electoral successes of populist right parties fun- damentally altered the party systems of at least half of Western Europe's democracies. It is therefore understandable that this group of parties has Author's Note: For their valuable assistance with the preparation of this article, the author would like to thank Christopher Anderson, Scott Blinder, Cees van der Eijk, Geoffrey Evans, Steve Fisher, Anthony Heath, Sara Binzer Hobolt, Allistair McMillan, David Rueda, Colin Provost, and three anonymous reviewers. The data were made available online by the Norwegian Social Science Data Services. The author alone is responsible for the analysis presented. 3

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