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64 Bus. Law. [i] (2008-2009)

handle is hein.journals/busl64 and id is 1 raw text is: Contents

ARTICLES
The Clawback Provision of Sarbanes-Oxley: An Underutilized
Incentive to Keep the Corporate House Clean
Rachael E. Schwartz
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, passed in the wake of corporate scan-
dals involving misstated financial reports, included a provision for cer-
tain compensation and profits from the sale of company stock to be
clawed back from chief executive officers and chief financial officers of
companies that are required to restate their financials, due to material non-
compliance with any financial reporting requirement of the securities laws
as a result of misconduct. Courts have determined that only the Securities
and Exchange Commission may sue to enforce this clawback provision.
In the six years following passage of the law, there have been Sarbanes-
Oxley clawbacks in only a small number of cases, each one an options
backdating case involving allegations that the officer affected personally
committed fraud. This Article takes the position that the clawback
provision has no scienter requirement and its application should not be
limited to officers who have personally engaged in misconduct. Rather,
the wording of Sarbanes-Oxley, its legislative history, and the policies it
serves call for the clawback to be applied to the chief executive officers
and chief financial officers of companies that are required to restate their
financials due to material non-compliance with any financial reporting
requirement of the securities laws as a result of misconduct, regardless of
whether those officers actively participated in the wrongdoing, knew of
and failed to correct the wrongdoing, or were oblivious to wrongdoing
by employees subject to their control. This general rule can be made
subject to an exemption for circumstances involving certain misconduct
by non-management employees.
37      RULLCA Section 301-The Fortunate Consequences (and
Continuing Questions) of Distinguishing Apparent Agency and
Decisional Authority
Thomas E. Rutledge and Steven G. Frost
The Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act (RULLCA), final-
ized in 2006, adopts a unique formulation rejecting statutory apparent
agency authority on behalf of the company. Further, in the member-
managed limited liability company, it separates inter se decisional au-
thority from the ability to bind the entity. We trace the history of this
development in what is now the dominant form of business organiza-
tion, explain the objectives and operation of section 301 of RULLCA

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