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2014 BTLJ Comment. 1 (2014)

handle is hein.journals/btljc2014 and id is 1 raw text is: BERKELEY TECHNOLOGY LAW JOURNAL COMMENTARIES VOL. 1 MARCH 2014 HOW TO OVERCOME THE NORMAL EXPLOITATION OBSTACLE: OPT-OUT FORMALITIES, EMBARGO PERIODS, AND THE INTERNATIONAL THREE-STEP TEST Martin Senftlebent I. IN T R O D U C T IO N .................................................................................................1 II. THE TRADITIONAL FOCUS ON EQUITABLE REMUNERATION AS A FLEXIBILITY TOOL UNDER THE THREE-STEP TEST .................................................................................4 III. NORMAL EXPLOITATION OBSTACLE TO A FLEXIBLE T H R E E -ST E P T E ST ............................................................................................7 IV. ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF FLEXIBILITY IN ADOPTING A USE PRIVILEGE...................................................................10 A . E M BA RG O P E RIO D S.....................................................................................10 B . O PT-O UT FO RM ALITIES .............................................................................12 C. USING FLEXIBILITY TOOLS TO PHASE OUT EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS...........................................................................................................16 V . C O N C L U S IO N .....................................................................................................19 I. INTRODUCTION The initial three-step test in international copyright law was developed at the 1967 Stockholm Conference for the Revision of the Berne Convention. C 2014 Martin Senftleben. t Ph.D.; Professor of Intellectual Property, VU University Amsterdam; Senior Consultant, Bird & Bird, The Hague. 1

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