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11 Berkeley J. Ent. & Sports L. 1 (2022)

handle is hein.journals/bjesl11 and id is 1 raw text is: The Professional Labor Market for Teenage Basketball Players: Disruptive Competition to the NCAA's Amateur Model Michael H. LeRoy* Legal history and financial evidence of disruptive baseball leagues from 1882 through 1915 show that a dominant league the National League, specifically survived by absorbing its strongest competitor, eliminating inferior ones, and raising player compensation. This experience offers insights to the recent formation of three professional basketball leagues for teenagers. The NBA's G League Ignite team, Overtime Elite League, and the Professional Collegiate League threaten the NCAA 's amateur athlete model: They employ 16- to 19-year-olds with salaries and bonuses from $100,000 to $1 million a year; NIL (name, image, and likeness) rights; and educational and healthcare benefits, including college tuition for later. This labor market competition coincides with state NIL laws, NCAA v. Alston- a Supreme Court antitrust case in 2021 that the NCAA lost in a 9-0 vote and legislative proposals in Congress. Together, these formidable forces threaten the NCAA 's monopsony control of its amateur labor force. In addition, this study compares the finances of debt- strapped athletic programs at the University of California, DOI: https://doi.org/10.15779/Z38RR1PN53 *. Professor, School of Labor and Employment Relations, and College of Law, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. I am grateful for significant assistance in acquiring institutional data from Prof. Jodi Upton, Professor and Knight Chair in Data and Explanatory Journalism, Syracuse University (S.I. Newhouse School of Public Communications). In addition, I express gratitude to the Knight Commission on Intercollegiate Athletics and USA Today for making available to the public a customizable database of NCAA financial data. 1

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