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28 Bialostockie Studia Prawnicze 7 (2023)

handle is hein.journals/bialspw28 and id is 1 raw text is: Bialystok Legal Studies Bialostockie Studia Prawnicze 2023 vol. 28 no. 1 S C{ e n d o DOI: 10.15290/bsp.2023.28.01.01 Received: 26.09.2022 Accepted: 23.01.2023 Magdalena Budyn-Kulik University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska in Lublin, Poland m.budynkulik@gmail.com ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3258-9855 Penetration of Cultures, Penetration of Crimes: Who Do Borders Protect? Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to highlight some implications of the creation of closed, culturally alien communities and the possible consequences of their functioning from a criminological and victimological perspective. Various processes emerging since about the second half of the 20th century, in Europe as well as in the United States of America, have caused cultural transformations leading to the emergence of cultural pluralism (polyculturalism, multiculturalism) in various forms. This represents one of the greatest challenges of the modern world on many levels, including prophylaxis and crime prevention. Of particular concern is the issue of assessing the behaviour of an offender belonging to a closed, culturally different group. variants of such a situation can be considered - when the perpetrator and the victim belong to culturally different communities or the same one, and depending on whether the perpetrator's behaviour constitutes an act judged negatively in the closed group to which they belong or whether it fulfils the characteristics of a crime in the legal system of the external community. Keywords: borders, crime, multiculturalism Introduction The topics of this volume of the journal are primarily associated with cross-bor- der crime, against or by refugees and/or migrants. I would like to propose looking at the border issue from a slightly different perspective. The world of the 21st century is, on the one hand, open and multicultural, and various measures are being taken, at least in some parts of it, to make borders the least possible restriction on the move- ment of people, goods and services. On the other hand, there are tendencies to divide societies into smaller groups, isolated from the others. The criteria for these divisions © 2023 Magdalena Budyn-Kulik published by Sciendo. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attri- 7 bution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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