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46 Ateneo L.J. 1 (2001-2002)

handle is hein.journals/ateno46 and id is 1 raw text is: Current Issues and Emerging Policy Trends in Local Autonomy Alberto C. Agra* INTRODUCTION............................ ..............2 I. ALTERNATIVE FORMS: UNITARY AND FEDERAL FORMS OF GOVERNMENT. 2 A. Unitary Form B. Federal Form C. Post-Modern Federalism D. The Philippine Setting II. THE LOCAL GOVERNMENTS OF SPAIN ............... . .4 II. OVERVIEW OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT SYSTEMS; THE PHILIPPINE SYSTEM. .5 A. National/Constitutional B. 5 and 4-Tiered C. Three Sources of Powers D. Executive Supervision and Legislative Control E. Control over Local Policy: Interlocked F. Local Functions Increased G. De Facto Separation of Powers and System of Checks and Balance IV. LEVELS OF AUTONOMY UNDER A UNITARY SET-UP ... .... . . 7 A. Administrative Autonomy B. Political Autonomy C. Quasi-Political Autonomy D. Possible Policy Reforms V. CLARIFYING CONTROL AND SUPERVISION OVER LOCAL GOVERNMENTS. .9 A. Executive Supervision B. Congressional Control VI. LOCAL AUTONOMY CAN E SELF-GOVERNMENT. .................. II A. Under a Unitary System * LL.B. 'go, Ateneo de Manila University School of Law. The author teaches the Law on Public Corporations (Local Government Code), Administrative Law, and Election Law at the Ateneo Law School. He is a recognized specialist and has written several publications on Philippine Local Autonomy and Election Law. He has served as consultant to various leagues of local governments, non-governmental organizations, consultancy firms, and National Government Agencies involved in local governance issues. He heads the law office ofAlberto C. Agra and Associates, where his current practice focuses on local governance, election law, and cases involving public officers. This essay is an updated version of the paper submitted by the Author for the Philippine Governance Forum last February 2000. Cite as 46 ATENno L.J. i (2oo). Digitized from Best Copy Available

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