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3 Asian J. Criminology 1 (2008)

handle is hein.journals/asjrcrm3 and id is 1 raw text is: Asian Criminology (2008) 3:1-12 DOI 10.1007/s11417-008-9054-3 Organized Crime in Asia: A Review of Problems and Progress Narayanan Ganapathy - Roderic Broadhurst Received: 1 April 2008 /Accepted: 23 April 2008 / Published online: 23 May 2008 O Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2008 Abstract This paper provides a preliminary overview of research on organized crime in Asia drawing on selected papers from a symposium held at the National University of Singapore in June 2007. We draw on these contributions to emphasize the enterprise nature of organized crime and the common problems encountered by law enforcement in controlling and preventing the many harms inflicted by serious criminal activity. Recent attempts to address the changing character and forms of transnational organized crime, especially through the strengthening of mutual legal assistance by regional bodies such as ASEAN, are noted. These measures have yet to develop into the cross-border institutional frameworks now found in Europe, and the level of effective co-operation can only continue to improve. Countering organized crime in Asia also faces additional difficulties arising from the cultural diversity, relative weakness of law enforcement in some states and the lack of common strategies in respect to illicit markets. Keywords Organized crime - ASEAN - Yakuza - Triad - Illicit markets- Comparative criminology Introduction Historically, organized crime has generated a mixture of fear, fascination and concern, and this remains no less the case today. In response to the extraordinary stimulus of twenty-first century global trade and the rapid development of information communication technology (ICT), criminal enterprises and 'gangs' have evolved in complex and novel ways. The structural forms and modus operandi of organized crime, serious criminal networks and syndicates keep changing as they capitalize on the opportunities provided by diverse socio- N. Ganapathy Department of Sociology, National University of Singapore, 11 Arts Link #03-06, Singapore, Singapore 117570 R. Broadhurst (E) Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia e-mail: r.broadhurst@griffith.edu.au ' Springer

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