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7 A.I. & L. 1 (1999)

handle is hein.journals/artinl7 and id is 1 raw text is: LA Artificial Intelligence and Law 7: 1-15, 1999. 1 O © 1999 Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands. Introduction: Agents and Norms: How to fill the gap? ROSARIA CONTE and RINO FALCONE Division of AI, Cognitive and Interaction Modelling Institute of Psychology, CNR, Rome, Italy E-mail: rosaria,falcone @pscs2. irmkant. rm. cnr it GIOVANNI SARTOR School of Law, Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN E-mail: gsartor@qub.ac.uk 1. Two Frameworks for Norms and Agency Al has so far approached normative concepts and phenomena especially in the two following frameworks: - Theory of the law and related computational applications, especially in the areas of legal expert systems, normative reasoning and diagnosis, etc.; - Theory of multi-agents systems (MAS) and related computational applica- tions, especially in the areas of Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), electronic commerce, etc. A wide gap exists between these two frameworks. They differ in terms of - language and formalisms used (mostly logic-based in the legal domain and more oriented to implementation languages in the multi-agent domain); - theories of reference (philosophy of law and deontic philosophy in the former domain, as opposed to agent theory and game theory in the latter); - objectives (models of legal institutions, legal information systems, in the for- mer, as opposed to social theory and optimization of coordination and coop- eration in the latter); - underlying philosophy and concept of a norm (mainly interpreted in the le- gal, institutional sense in the former, and as a social, customary norm or convention in the latter). We believe that an approach to norms and agency capable of meeting the re- quirements of the emerging field of autonomous agents requires integrating the

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