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6 Asia Pac. J. Envtl. L. 1 (2001)

handle is hein.journals/apjel6 and id is 1 raw text is: Editorial Elements of Good Environmental Governance* Good environmental governance is an important pillar in the global partnership for sustainable development. Environmental governance may be described as the manner in which people exercise authority over nature. Natural resource management was internationalised by the 1972 Stockholm Declaration,l echoing the earlier internationalisation of human rights by the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights.2 Today, good environmental governance is increasingly considered essential to development and natural resource management. The international financial institutions such as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) are requiring it as a condition to their assistance to any country. The Asian Environmental Outlook 2000 prepared by the Asian Development Bank also spotlights good environmental governance as essential to sustainable development. Good environmental governance is of particular importance to developing countries. It is only when policies in such societies are democratic, participative, transparent and founded on the rule of law and supported by a strong and independent judiciary that donor countries will have the confidence to deal with them. Dictatorial and corrupt regimes are not attractive for donors. Good environmental governance thus emerges as an important condition for developing countries to receive the support of the developed states. The 1972 Stockholm Declaration, the 1982 World Charter of Nature3 and the 1992 Rio Declaration,4 each provided general principles for sustainable development. Good * Keynote address presented at the Asia Pacific Forum on Environmental Governance and Sustainable Development: Toward Partnership Building Among Parliamentarians, Civil Society Organisations, Private Sector and Government, United Nations University, Tokyo, Japan, 10-11 May 2001. The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of Mr Roza Rahman, Advocate, in the preparation of this address. 1 1972 Stockholm Declaration on the Human Environment (1972) 11 ILM 1416. 2 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 217 A (III). 3 United Nations General Assembly Resolution 37/7 (1983) 22 ILM 455. 4 (1992) 31 ILM 874. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL LAW, VOL 6, ISSUE I @ Kluwer Law International, 2001 I

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