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34 Aust. & N.Z. J. Criminology 1 (2001)

handle is hein.journals/anzjc34 and id is 1 raw text is: Penal Policy and Criminological Challenges in the New Millennium Roger Hood Centre for Criminological Research, University of Oxford T his article explores the relationship between criminology and penal policy. It draws attention to recent developments in penal law and practice that have caused concern to criminologists and discusses some of the reasons why criminological ideas and findings appear to have had less impact on penal policy than many criminologists had hoped for. It suggests that some of the blame may attach to criminologists for failing to establish a scientific legitimacy for their subject and concludes by arguing that criminology needs independent funding to guarantee a scien- tific agenda free of direct political influence. The establishment of an independent Criminological Research Council in their country should be the ambition of criminologists who want to take the subject forward to a period of greater legitimacy and influence as the new millennium unfolds. The Widening Gulf M y theme is a subject central to the origins of criminology and, in my view, to its future. It is a theme that I know has occupied and concerned you at your conferences just as much as it has us in Britain and our colleagues in the USA, Scandinavia and elsewhere. I refer of course to the relationship between criminol- ogy and penal policy. It has been often said that penal policy, especially the prison system, is in a state of crisis. And it might similarly be said that, as a result, the relationship between criminology as an academic discipline and penal policy makers is also facing a crisis. This crisis has arisen, in large part, from the fact that most developments in penal policy over the last decade have emerged not through the influence of crimi- nological ideas or from the application of findings from research on the nature, incidence or trajectories of criminality, or on the effectiveness of ways to respond to and control it, but from ideological and political considerations fuelled by populist concerns and impulses. I remember first writing about this trend a quarter of a A Keynote Address to the 14th Annual Conference of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Criminology, delivered on 29th September 1999 Address for correspondence: Roger Hood, Professor of Criminology, Director of the Centre for Criminological Research, University of Oxford, 12 Bevington Road, Oxford OX2 6LH, United Kingdom. THE AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND JOURNAL OF CRIMINOLOGY VOLUME 34 NUMBER I 2001 PR 1-16

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