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2023 Annals Constantin Brancusi U. Targu Jiu, Letters & Soc. Sci. Series 9 (2023)

handle is hein.journals/ancnbt2023 and id is 1 raw text is: ANNALS OF THE CONSTANTIN BRANCUSI UNIVERSITY OF TARGU JIU LETTER AND SOCIAL SCIENCE SERIES ISSN-P: 1844-6051 - ISSN-E: 2344-3677 1/2023 https://alss. utgjiu.ro EDITORIAL TURKEY - EMERGING POWER OR BLACK SEA HEGEMON? Flavius-Cristian MARCAU ,Constantin Brdncusi University of Targu Jiu Analyzing Turkey's role as an emerging power or hegemon in the Black Sea region is a multifaceted and complex issue, encompassing numerous dimensions. Considering Turkey's strategic, historical, and geographical significance, this country has played, and still plays (Marcau, 2022), a pivotal role in the Black Sea area and in international relations at large. On July 27, 2023, the United States Senate approved the U.S. defense budget authorization (National Defense Authorization Act / NDAA). Within the NDAA, the Black Sea Security Act was also approved, through an amendment introduced by Senators Jeanne Shaheen and Mitt Romney (Black Sea Security Act, 2023). The Black Sea Security Act of 2023 addresses the security issue in the Black Sea region, especially in the context of the Russian Federation's aggressions in the area. The United States identifies the Black Sea as a region of Russian aggression and emphasizes the significance of the Black Sea littoral states in countering this aggression (Black Sea Security Act, 2023). The Act determines that the U.S. policy should counter Russian threats in the region, encourage cooperation within NATO and the EU, support economic ties between the U.S. and the Black Sea states, provide economic alternatives to China's coercive offers, and support democratization in the Black Sea states (Black Sea Security Act, 2023). Significantly, it mandates the formulation of a strategy within 180 days of its enactment, with clear objectives in areas such as security assistance, energy security, economic prosperity, democratic resilience, and regional connectivity. A point that should not be overlooked is the fact that the U.S., in an official document, highlights concerns about Turkey, which might be worrisome given the mention that Turkey's behavior towards certain regional allies and democratic states has been counterproductive, adding to tensions in the region. It is suggested that Turkey should refrain from any actions that might further escalate regional tensions. Additionally, attention is drawn to Turkey's ongoing delay in ratifying Sweden and Finland's NATO accession, undermining the strength of the alliance and hindering a united international response to Russia's unjustified war in Ukraine (Black Sea Security Act, 2023). This behavior became evident after the outbreak of the war in Ukraine. In summary, we can assess Turkey's behavior over the past years to determine if it exhibits hegemonic tendencies: 1) Diplomatically, Turkey attempted to maintain balanced diplomacy, adopting the zero problems with neighbors policy (Marcau, Ciorei, 2013). However, in recent years, this 9

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