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3 Air Com. Bull. 1 (1931-1932)

handle is hein.journals/aicmrcb3 and id is 1 raw text is: U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AERONAUTICS BRANCH AIR COMMERCE BULLETIN ISSUED SEMIMONTHLY Vol. 3 Washington, July 1, 1931 No. 1 CONTENTS Control of airplanes at low speeds by means of conventional ailerons. Airways construction programs authorized by Aeronautics Branch. General aeronautic developments: Aeronautic radio research. Twelve States to be visited by Depart- ment of Commerce airport specialist. Effective date of Air Commerce Regula- tions pertaining to licensing of gliders extended to January 1, 1932. Medical examiners of Aeronautics Branch designated. Weather Bureau discontinues use of kites and captive balloons at three aerological stations. Lighted airway lane through deep moun- tain gorge now ready for aircraft. New airway bulletins describing radio facilities on 17 airways now ready for distribution. Flights over bird sanctuary discouraged. Notices to airmen and aircraft operators: Airport and airway changes and warn- ings. Airway progress. Airway bulletins withdrawn from circu- lation. Department of Commerce air navigation maps. Certifed aeronautical lights. Recent air markings. Proposed airports. Airports no longer proposed. Status of airports of entry as of June 15, 1931. Licenses and approvals: Summary. New approved type certificates. Revisions in approved type certificates. Change in list of schools having ap- proved school certificates. Approvals without approved type certifi- cates. United States air transport routes. CONTROL OF AIRPLANES AT LOW SPEEDS BY MEANS OF CONVENTIONAL AILERONS INTRODUCTION The Aeronautics Branch through its research division located at the Bu- reau of Standards has carried out certain wind-tunnel studies of the standard type of lateral control of airplanes in relation to safety. It is generally known that the pilot of the conventional airplane needs to be able to steer his craft in three ways: (1) By means of a rudder to turn the nose of the airplane to the right or the left, (2) by means of an elevator to raise or lower the nose, and (3) by means of some method of raising or lowering one wing tip with reference to the other, to roll the ma- chine about its longitudinal axis. This last, or lateral control, is com- monly effected by use of ailerons, the technical name for two hinged flaps, one generally at the trailing edge of each wing near the tip, which are 64002-31--1 interconnected so that when one is turned down the other is turned up. The ailerons are actuated by the side- to-side motion of the control stick or the right-left turns of the control wheel if the latter is employed. If the right wing is lowered by a gust of wind, the flap on this wing is turned down and the action of the air is such as to raise the right wing. Slinul- taneously the flap on the left wing is turned up to depress the left wing. It is found by experiment that the forces produced are much greater than tlose that would be produced on the area of the flap alone and that the movement of the flap alters the force on the whole tip of the wing. IDEAL OF LATERAL CONTROL The ideal lateral control would be one which rolled the machine and did nothing else, no matter what the atti- Reproduction by Permission of Buffalo & Erie County Public Library Buffalo, NY

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