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2 Charles W. Mortimer, Patent Office Papers 1 (1917)

handle is hein.intprop/poffipr0002 and id is 1 raw text is: Trade Marks By J. H. CARNES, Examiner of Trade-Marks and Designs. A trade-mark may be generally defined as a convenient way of disclosing the commercial source or origin of goods which are sold in trade. The means commonly em- ployed for this purpose is either a word or symbol, or a combination thereof. There is a popular impression that a trade-mark is a rather recent device for indicating the origin of goods. While it is true that during the last thirty years there has been a very great increase in the- use of trade-marks in this and foreign countries that have extensive commerce, it is not true that such use is in any way novel to these countries. Excavations establish that the Egyptians, Phcenicians, Romans, and Greeks all used marks to identify their prod- ucts sold in trade. As we know, the Romans were great traders and their marks are found on many of their products, such, for instance, as lamps, food delicacies, and eye salves. Sometimes these marks were the names of the slaves who made the articles, but the representa- tions of animals and other objects were also used. From excavations in Pompeii, small jars containing fish sauces and charred loaves of bread have been found bearing the marks of the manufacturer. During the middle ages marks were commonly used by the skilled artisans of the guilds, and particularly by the publishers of books. Coming down to modern time, we find that in this country the extensive use of trade-marks is substantially coincident with the present era of commercial expansion. This period is fairly well identified by the commence- ment of extensive litigation in connection with the use of these marks. The books show this to be late in the eighties, or about thirty years ago. It was not until 1845 1-3821

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