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GAO-25-107503 [1] (2024-11-07)

handle is hein.gao/gaoqzz0001 and id is 1 raw text is: U.S. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE 441 G St. N.W. Washington, DC 20548 November 7, 2024 The Honorable Jeanne Shaheen Chair The Honorable Jerry Moran Ranking Member Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Committee on Appropriations United States Senate The Honorable Hal Rogers Chairman The Honorable Matt Cartwright Ranking Member Subcommittee on Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Committee on Appropriations House of Representatives Population Estimates: Results of the Census Bureau's Challenge Program Between decennial censuses, the Census Bureau's Population Estimates Program (PEP) annually disseminates population and housing unit estimates for the country at various levels of geography.' These annual population estimates are used by state, local, and tribal governments to allocate federal funds, among other purposes. The Bureau refers to each population estimate series as a vintage. For example, Vintage 2022 covers April 1, 2020, through July 1, 2022. The Population Estimates Challenge Program (PECP) provides state and local governments the ability to challenge annual population estimates. The Bureau paused the PECP to support the 2020 Census (as it usually does) and reinstated it in November 2022. The Bureau released the first set of results from the PECP for Vintage 2022 on February 28, 2024. State or local governments (governmental units) may challenge their population estimate by submitting data to the Bureau for evaluation or by identifying a technical error in processing input data or in producing the estimates. A House Report that accompanied the Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Bill 2023 includes a provision for us to review the Census Bureau's efforts and provide a briefing within 180 days of the Bureau completing its related work on the PECP.2 This 1Annual population estimates are authorized by 13 U.S.C. §181, which requires, to the extent feasible, the production of current data on total population and population characteristics for each state, county, and local unit of general- purpose government which has a population of 50,000 or more. The Bureau produces population estimates of the United States, its states, metropolitan and micropolitan statistical areas, counties, cities, and towns, as well as for the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and its municipios. Additionally, the Bureau produces demographic components of population change (births, deaths, and migration) and housing unit estimates at the national, state, and county levels of geography. 2Committee on Appropriations, H.R. Rep. No. 117-395, at 19 (2022). GAO-25-107503 Population Estimates Page 1

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