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GAO-24-106870 1 (2023-10-10)

handle is hein.gao/gaopgq0001 and id is 1 raw text is: The Big Picture process is complete, the items are not available for repatriation (see figure). Native Americans may consider certain cultural items sacred or significant and the damage or theft of these items to be detrimental to preserving their culture and traditions. NAGPRA seeks to repatriate specific Native American cultural items-including human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural patrimony-by requiring federal agencies and museums to (1) identify cultural items in their possession or control; (2) identify, where possible, the cultural affiliation between those items and a present-day Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization; and (3) generally repatriate culturally affiliated items upon request to lineal descendants, Indian tribes, and Native Hawaiian organizations under the terms prescribed in the act (see Legal Terms). Since NAGPRA was enacted in 1990, federal agencies and museums have reported being in possession of almost 3 million Native American human remains and associated funerary objects, according to the Department of the Interior's National NAGPRA Program. The program's 2022 report notes that these agencies and museums have not completed the NAGPRA regulatory process for 52 percent of human remains and 29 percent of associated funerary objects. For those cultural items, the process is complete when any necessary tribal consultation for possible cultural and geographical affiliation is concluded and the human remains or associated funerary objects have been listed in a completed inventory published in the Federal Register, according to a program official. Until the Status of Certain Native American Cultural Items Reported by Federal Agencies and Museums under NAGPRA Of the 208,698 Native American human remains reported since 1990 For 48% the NAGPRA process is complete For 52% the NAGPRA process is not complete Of the 2,619,951 Native American associated funerary objects reported since 1990 For 71% the NAGPRA For 29% the NAGPRA process is complete process is not complete Source: GAO analysis of National Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA) Program data as of September 2023. 1 GAO-24-106870 NAGPRA also prohibits the intentional removal or excavation of Native American cultural items from federal and tribal lands unless certain conditions are met, including consultation with and-in the case of tribal land-consent from the appropriate Indian tribe or Native Hawaiian organization. Further, NAGPRA criminalizes the knowing sale, purchase, use for profit, and transport for sale or profit of Native American cultural items obtained in violation of the act, among other actions. What GAO's Work Shows Our prior work shows that federal agencies have made progress in implementing NAGPRA. However, the progress has taken decades and, as we reported in 2022, challenges remain. GAO-24-106870 Native American Priorities

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