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GAO-17-615R 1 (2017-09-07)

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c(AO U.S. GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE
441 G St. N.W.
Washington, DC 20548

September 7, 2017

The Honorable Elijah E. Cummings
Ranking Member
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform
House of Representatives

The Honorable Thomas R. Carper
United States Senate

The Honorable Elizabeth Warren
United States Senate



Presidential Transition: Information on Ethics, Funding, and Agency Services

The change from one presidential administration to the next is a complex process requiring
coordination among many parties, including the outgoing President, federal agencies, the
President-elect, and a Transition Team. During a transition, the President-elect and his or her
team decide upon more than 4,000 political appointments and prepare to manage the federal
government, an entity with more than 4 million civilian employees and military personnel, and a
budget of nearly $4 trillion. The Presidential Transition Act of 1963 (PTA), as amended, seeks to
promote the orderly transfer of executive power during presidential transitions.1 The PTA has
been amended several times as the timeline, roles of government, and expectations of
presidential candidates in the transition process have evolved and expanded.

You asked us to review issues related to then President-elect Trump's transition. This report
provides information on five areas related to the Trump-Pence Transition: (1) the legal and
organizational framework; (2) applicable ethics provisions; (3) Office of Government Ethics'
information and services related to ethics; (4) funds for the transition; and (5) the Department of
State's (State) information and services related to communication with foreign leaders. We
compared aspects of the 2016-2017 Trump-Pence Transition to the 2008-2009 Obama-Biden
Transition where information was available for each area except the fourth. Expenditure data
from the Obama-Biden Transition was not readily available. Information on the 2000-2001 Bush-
Cheney Transition was largely unavailable across all areas.

To address questions on the legal and organizational framework, we reviewed the PTA and
related laws and executive orders to understand the organizational framework of a transition
including the role of the General Services Administration (GSA) and other government entities.
We also met with the Federal Transition Coordinator, who is a senior GSA official, and an
official from the Office of Management and Budget who served on one of the transition councils.




1Pub. L. No. 88-277, § 2, 78 Stat. 153 (Mar. 7, 1964). The Presidential Transition Act of 1963, as amended,
hereinafter referred to as PTA is set forth in the notes to 3 U.S.C. § 102.


GAO-17-615R Presidential Transition


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