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1996 Prisoners in 1 (1996)

handle is hein.death/prsin1996 and id is 1 raw text is: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs 0 June 1997, NCJ 164619 Prisoners in 1996 By Christopher J. Mumola and Allen J. Beck, Ph.D. BJS Statisticians The total number of prisoners under the jurisdiction of Federal or State adult correctional authorities was 1,182,169 at yearend 1996. During the year the States and the District of Columbia added 50,582 prisoners, and the Federal prison system added 5,294 prisoners. Overall, the Nation's prison population grew by 5.0%, which was less than the average annual growth rate of 7.3% recorded since 1990. The 1996 increase was the equivalent of 1,075 more inmates per week. At midyear 1996 (the latest available data), more than 1.6 million U.S. resi- dents were incarcerated. State and Federal prisons housed about two- thirds of the incarcerated population (1,112,448). Jails, which are locally operated and typically hold persons awaiting trial and those with sentences of a year or less, held the other third (518,492). Relative to the number of U.S. resi- dents, the rate of incarceration in pris- ons at yearend 1996 totaled 427 sentenced inmates per 100,000 resi- dents- up from 292 in 1990. On De- cember 31, 1996, 1 in every 118 men and 1 in every 1,818 women were un- der the jurisdiction of State or Federal correctional authorities. I Hi h i sI Number of inmates Sentenced prisoners per 100,000 resident population Population housed as a percent of highest capacity Year Federal State Federal State Federal State 1985 40,223 462,284 14 187 123% 105% 1990 65,526 708,393 20 272 151 115 1991 71,608 753,951 22 287 146 116 1992 80,259 802,241 26 305 137 118 1993 89,587 880,857 29 330 136 118 1994 95,034 959,668 30 356 125 117 1995 100,250 1,026,043 32 379 126 114 1996 105,544 1,076,625 33 394 125 116 * During 1996 the number of female prisoners rose by 9.1%, nearly dou- ble the increase of male prisoners (4.7%). At yearend 74,730 women were in State or Federal prison 6.3% of inmates. @ On December 31, 1996, State pris- ons were operating at between 16% and 24% above capacity, while Fed- eral prisons were operating at 25% over capacity. * California (147,712), Texas (132,383), and the Federal system (105,544) together held 1 in every 3 prisoners in the Nation. Fifteen States, each holding fewer than 5,000 inmates, together held only 3% of the Nation's prisoners. * The prison population of 12 States grew by at least 10% in 1996, led by North Dakota (18.8%) and New Mex- ico (15.8%). Vermont (down 12.0%), the District of Columbia (-4.3%), and Florida (-0.2%) recorded declines. * Factors underlying the growth in the State prison population between 1985 and 1995 include- -a 12.3% average annual increase in the number of Hispanic inmates, higher than among blacks (9.4%) and whites (7.6%). - a 91% rise in the number of admissions from 1985 to 1990 and a 13% rise from 1990 to 1995. - a decline in annual release rates of prisoners from 37% in 1990 to 31% in 1995. - a sharp rise in violent offenders among white inmates (accounting for 42% of the 10-year increase in white prisoners) and in drug offenders among black inmates (42% of their increase). - an overall increase in the percent- age held for drug offenses offset by declines in violent and property percentages.

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