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1991 Cap. Punishment 1 (1991)

handle is hein.death/cpshm1991 and id is 1 raw text is: U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Bureau of Justice Statistics Capiltal Punishment 1991 By Lawrence A. Greenfeld BJS Statistician Eight States executed 14 prisoners during 1991, bringing the total number of executions to 157 since 1976, the year that the U.S. Supreme Court reinstated the death penalty. Those executed during 1991 had spent an average of 9 years and 8 months awaiting execution, about 1 year and 9 months longer on average than the 23 persons executed during 1990. During 1991, 265 prisoners were received by State prison systems and 1 prisoner entered the Federal prison system under a sentence of death from the courts. During the year, 106 persons had their death sentence vacated, 2 had their sentence commuted, 1 received a conditional pardon by the governor, and 7 died while under a death sentence. At yearend, 34 States and the Federal prison system reported a total of 2,482 prisoners under sentence of death, a 5.8% increase over the number held at the end of 1990. All prisoners under sentence of death on December 31, 1991, had been convicted of murder. The median time since the death sentence was imposed for the 2,482 prisoners was 5 years. About 7 out of 10 offenders under sentence of death for whom criminal history data were available had a prior felony conviction; about 1 in 12 had a prior homicide conviction. About 2 in 5 condemned prisoners had a criminal justice status at the time of the capital offense. Half of these were on parole; the rest were in prison, on escape from prison, on probation, or had charges pending against them. Nearly 15% of those sentenced to death between 1988 and 1991 had received 2 or more death sentences. Status of the death penalty, December 31, 1991 Executions during11991 Texas 5 Florida 2 Virginia 2 Georgia 1 Louisiana 1 Missouri 1 North Carolina 1 South Carolina 1 Total 14 Number of prisoners under sentence of death Texas 340 Florida 311 California 301 Pennsylvania 137 Illinois 132 Oklahoma 125 Alabama 119 Ohio 111 Georgia 101 26 other juisdiclions 805 Total 2,482 This Bulletin marks the 62nd consecutive year that the Federal Government has published statistics on executions. Since 1953 the Federal Government has also provided data on persons under sentence of death, expanding in recent years to include criminal history informa- tion and whether the condemned had a status with the criminal justice system at the time of the capital offense. Data are collected prospectively on each case after entering a death-sentence status so that removals of a death sentence, executions, and other changes in status are systematically followed. The series also tracks changes in statutes relating to the death penalty and major cases The majority, 1,464 (59.0%), of those under sentence of death were white; 982 (39.6%) were black; 23 (0.9%) were American Indian; and 13 (0.5%) were Asian. Hispanic prisoners (184) accounted for 7.4% of those under a death sentence. Thirty-four (1.4%) Jurisdiclions wit-out a death penalty Alaska Disrictof Cdumbia Hawaii Iowa Kansas Maine Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota NewYork North Dakota Rhode Island Vermont WestVirginia Wisconsin decided which may affect the application of the death penaity. Computerized data on individuals who have been sentenced to death since 1973 are available to the public through the BJS-sponsored National Archive of Criminal Justice Data I would like to thank the many persons in State and Federal corrections agencies and offices of State attorneys general who make this annual report possible. Steven D. Dillingham, Ph.D., LLM. Director of those under a death sentence were female. The median age of all inmates under a death sentence was 34 years and the median age at which they had been sentenced to death was 29 years. Figure I October 1992 (a

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