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1 1 (May 3, 2019)

handle is hein.crs/govzrp0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Service ~Informing the legislative debate since 1914 Updated May 3, 2019 Postsecondary Education of Native Americans Since the nation's early years, the United States of America has enacted federal policies intended to provide educational opportunities to Indian peoples. The federal government maintains and supports its trust relationship with Indian tribes through various postsecondary education programs and initiatives. The trust relationship is a responsibility derived from federal statutes, treaties, court decisions, executive actions, and the Constitution (which assigns authority over federal-Indian relations to Congress). The provision of postsecondary education opportunities for members of the Native American community is one manifestation of that relationship. This In Focus reviews college enrollment patterns and educational attainment levels of Native Americans and federal programs that support Indian postsecondary attainment. For information on Indian elementary and secondary education programs and issues, see CRS Report RL34205, Indian Elementary-Secondary Education: Programs, Background, and Issues. Postsecondary Access According to the most recently published statistics of the Department of Education (ED), as shown in Figure 1, the percentage (6 1%) of American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN) high school completers who enrolled immediately after high school completion in a degree/certificate college program was approximately equivalent to the national average (60%). Figure I. Percentage of Fall 2009 Ninth-Graders Completing High School Who Enrolled in a Postsecondary Degree or Certificate Program by Fall 2013, by RacelEthnicity Sorted by percentage enrolled Race/Ethnicity Tota Asian White AlAN Black Hispan c Pacific Islander err w w 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percentage enralled in a pastsecondary institution Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Institute of Education Sciences, Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics 2014, Table 302.43. Notes: AlAN is American Indian/Alaska Native. Postsecondary Completion ED's published statistics indicate that associate's or baccalaureate degree attainment by young AIAN persons (24%) is lower than that of most other racial/ethnic groups (Figure 2). The national average degree attainment level of all 25-to-29-year-olds in 2018 was 47%. Figure 2. Postsecondary Completion Percentage of 25-to-29-Year-Olds, by RacelEthnicity, 2018 Sorted by percentage with degree Race/ethnicity Tota Asian . . . . . . . . White Blac H spar-c AlAN Pacific Islander 0 20 40 60 80 100 Percentage with degree Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Institute of Education Sciences, Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics 2018, Table 104.20. Notes: AlAN is American Indian/Alaska Native. Federal Programs and Support The federal government provides support to help members of federally recognized tribes access and complete higher education. The efforts described below primarily or exclusively support tribal members. Tribally Controlled Colleges and Universities (TCCUs) and AIANs are also eligible for and benefit from general educational assistance programs. For example, AIANs may be eligible to receive Pell Grants as a result of their financial status and not because they are members of federally recognized tribes. Federally Operated or Established Institutions The federal government operates two postsecondary institutions for tribal members and established one for the preservation of tribal culture. The federal government, through the Department of the Interior (DOI), owns, operates, and funds two postsecondary institutions for tribal members-Haskell Indian Nations University in Kansas and the Southwestern Indian Polytechnic Institute (SIPI) in New Mexico. Haskell is a four-year liberal arts university with approximately 800 undergraduates. SIPI, a two-year college with almost 400 students, primarily awards associate's degrees in liberal arts, business, health professions, and computer sciences. Both institutions charge no tuition and less than $1,100 annually in fees. In FY2019, the two institutions received a direct appropriation of $23 million that excludes funds from other programs. The federal government established the Institute of American Indian Arts (IAIA), formally known as the https:Icrsreports.congressgo,

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