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1 1 (April 19, 2019)

handle is hein.crs/govzkf0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional $1 *.Research Service Global Measles Vaccination Trends April 19, 2019 Congress has long taken an interest in infectious disease prevention and control. Measles is a highly contagious virus that is transmitted through droplets emitted from an infected person when coughing and sneezing. The virus can live for up to two hours in the airspace or on a surface where an infected person coughed or sneezed. Other people can contract the disease if they breathe contaminated air or touch their eyes, nose, or mouth after touching a contaminated surface. Up to 90% of those in the proximity of an infected person who are not immune to the disease will be infected. Symptoms usually include high fever, rash, runny nose, and ear infections. Measles can also cause hearing loss, blindness, encephalitis (an infection that causes brain swelling), severe diarrhea, and severe respiratory infections such as pneumonia. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that up to two of every 1,000 children infected with measles will die. Vaccines According to the CDC, the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is 97% effective in preventing infection and related deaths, and routine MMR vaccination is recommended for all children. Figure 1 shows the estimated number of measles deaths globally, disaggregated by MMR immunization status. In countries with high case and death rates, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends mass immunization campaigns and routine MMR vaccinations for children. In 2000 the World Health Assembly, the decisionmaking body of the WHO, endorsed the Global Vaccine Action Plan, which aimed to eliminate measles in five WHO regions by 2020. A global measles vaccination campaign ensued, and between 2000 and 2017 it resulted in an 80% drop in deaths from the disease and saved an estimated 21 million lives. Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov IN11104 CRS INSIGHT Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress -

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