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Updated December 19, 2018
Defense Primer: Under Secretary of Defense (Intelligence)
The Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence (USD(I))
is a civilian official, appointed by the President and
confirmed by the Senate, who reports directly to the
Secretary of Defense, and is the Principal Staff Assistant
and advisor to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of
Defense on intelligence, counterintelligence (CI), security,
sensitive activities, and other intelligence-related matters.
On behalf of the Secretary, the USD(I) also exercises
authority, direction, and control over Department of
Defense (DOD) intelligence and security agencies, field
activities, policy, processes, procedures, and products,
collectively known as the Defense Intelligence Enterprise.
As the head of the Defense Intelligence Enterprise, the
USD(I) has responsibility for a significant portion of the
personnel and funding supporting the Intelligence
Community (IC) overall. The USD(I) and staff, however,
are not themselves statutory elements of the IC. Title 50
U.S. Code §3003 lists the 17 organizational elements of the
IC, two of which are independent-the Office of the
Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) and Central
Intelligence Agency-and 15 of which are components of
six separate departments of the federal government. The
eight IC elements within the DOD comprise the
organizational elements of the Defense Intelligence
Enterprise. They include the Defense Intelligence Agency
(DIA), National Geospatial Intelligence Agency (NGA),
National Security Agency (NSA), National Reconnaissance
Office (NRO) and the four intelligence components of the
military services. These elements, in turn, support the Joint
Staff and Combatant Commands with the personnel and
expertise that enable their component joint intelligence
organizations.
Origin of the USD() Position
Leadership of DOD intelligence-related functions within
the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) has been
realigned multiple times over the course of DOD's history.
The most recent development came when Congress
established the USD(I) position in the National Defense
Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2003 in the aftermath of
the 9/11 terror attacks, and in response to a request by then-
Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld.
DOD asserted that in exercising delegated oversight over
the DOD's intelligence, CI, and security functions, the
position would provide the Secretary of Defense with the
flexibility he requires to respond to heightened demands on
the [DOD] to support the President's efforts to prevent and
respond to acts of terrorism against the United States. The
legislative language establishing the position of USD(I) was
included under Section 901 in P.L. 107-314, which was
codified as Section 137 of Title 10, United States Code.
USD(I)s to Date
* Stephen A. Cambone (March 2003-December 2006)
* James R. Clapper (April 2007-August 2010)
* Michael G. Vickers (March 2011-April 2015)
* Marcel Lettre (December 2015-January 2017)
* joseph D. Kernan (December 2017-present)
Origin of Dual-Hatted Role for USD(1)
In May 2007, the Secretary of Defense and the Director of
National Intelligence (DNI) signed a Memorandum of
Agreement (MOA) to establish a dual role for the USD(I).
In a news release announcing the issuance of the MOA,
then-USD(I) James Clapper indicated that the creation of a
Director of Defense Intelligence (DDI) position was
intended to strengthen the relationship between the DNI
and the DOD ... [and] to facilitate staff interaction and
promote synchronization. Under the dual-hatting
arrangement, the incumbent acts as the USD(I) within the
OSD, and acts as the DDI within the ODNI.
The DNI and the USD(I) together coordinate a number of
interagency activities designed to facilitate the integration
of national- and tactical-level intelligence activities. When
acting as DDI, the USD(I) reports directly to the DNI and
serves as his or her principal advisor regarding defense
intelligence. The USD(I) ensures defense intelligence is
coordinated and aligned with IC programs and priorities,
and address strategic, operational, or tactical requirements
supporting military strategy and operations. The USD(I)
and staff, therefore, provide strategic direction and
oversight of the defense products and services derived from
the collection, processing, evaluation, and analysis of
information concerning foreign nations, hostile or
potentially hostile forces or elements, or areas of actual or
potential military operations.
Roles and Responsibilities of the USD(I)
DOD Directive 5143.01 establishes the responsibilities,
functions, relationships, and authorities of the USD(I)
within DOD, as defined by law, executive order, and DOD
policy, including those responsibilities and authorities
delegated from the Secretary of Defense to the USD(I). Per
DOD Directive 5143.01, the USD(I)'s major
responsibilities and functions include
* serving as DDI and principal advisor to the DNI
on defense intelligence, as well as facilitating the
integration of defense intelligence and DOD
support with IC activities;
* advising the Secretary of Defense and the Deputy
Secretary of Defense regarding defense
intelligence, CI, security, sensitive activities, and
other intelligence-related matters;
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