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1 1 (January 23, 2019)

handle is hein.crs/govyaa0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Congressional Research Service Informing the legislative debate since 1914 Updated January 23, 2019 A Summary of Federal Education Laws Administered by the U.S. Department of Education Federal Support for Education In the United States, primary responsibility for establishing policy and providing funding for elementary and secondary education rests with the states and instrumentalities therein. Federal financial support typically supplements state and local funding. Postsecondary education is financed primarily through a mix of state appropriations, endowment revenue, and payments of tuition and fees from students and their families. Federal assistance supports students and families who are responsible for making those payments. The U.S. Department of Education (ED), established in 1979 through the Department of Education Organization Act (P.L. 96-88, as amended), is the federal agency with the primary responsibility for administering federal elementary, secondary, and postsecondary education programs. It supports the general welfare of the United States by working to ensure equal access to educational opportunity; and it supplements the efforts of state, local, and private entities in improving the quality of education. ED's mission is to promote student achievement and preparation for global competitiveness by fostering educational excellence and ensuring equal access. The majority of the federal programs, activities, and benefits supportive of education at the elementary, secondary, and postsecondary levels are authorized by only a few major education laws. While federal education programs, activities, and benefits have varied foci and address many different aims, broadly speaking, they collectively provide for the following: Research and statistics on the progress and condition of education and on the efficacy of programs and practices; Supplemental grants supporting core services and programs in elementary and secondary schools serving concentrations of disadvantaged students; Targeted grants supporting the creation, improvement, and/or operation of programs targeting particular educational aims at all levels of education; and Financial aid for postsecondary students, such as grants, loans, work-study assistance, and tax benefits to encourage college access, persistence, and attainment. Looked at more expansively, programs supportive of early childhood care and education, child nutrition, school health clinics, workforce development, and several other types of initiatives also may be considered federal education programs. Numerous federal agencies administer federal education programs, activities, and benefits. In addition to ED, these efforts are housed within the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the U.S. Department of Labor, the Internal Revenue Service, and other agencies. Education Laws Administered by ED The major laws authorizing the education programs that ED administers are described below. Periodically, Congress considers modifying or reauthorizing these laws. It also annually considers the appropriation of funds for education programs through the Departments of Labor, Health and Human Services, and Education, and Related Agencies (L- HHS-ED) appropriations act. Education Sciences Reform Act of 2002 (ESRA) Efforts to gather statistics on the condition and progress of education date back to 1867 (P.L. 39-73), and a coordinated national educational research and development effort began to take shape with the creation of the National Institute of Education in 1974 (P.L. 93-380). The ESRA was enacted in 2002 (P.L. 107-279), and substantially revised federal research and statistics programs. It established the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) as an independent research arm of ED, consisting of four research centers. P.L. 107-279 also enacted two other laws. The Educational Technical Assistance Act (ETAA, Title II of P.L. 107-279) authorizes the Secretary of Education to make grants to states for statewide longitudinal data systems. The National Assessment of Educational Progress Authorization Act (NAEPAA, Title III of P.L. 107-279) authorizes national, state, and long-term assessments in reading and mathematics. These are collectively referred to as the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Authorizations of appropriations for ESRA, ETAA, and NAEPAA programs and activities have expired; however, funding for them continues to be provided through annual appropriations acts. Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) The ESEA (P.L. 89-10, as amended) was enacted in 1965 and was last reauthorized in 2015 by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA; P.L. 114-95). Title I-A, the largest ESEA program, provides compensatory grants to local educational agencies (LEAs) to fund educational and related services for low-achieving and other students who attend elementary and secondary schools with relatively high concentrations of students from low-income families. Receipt of Title I-A funds is conditioned upon acceptance of certain educational accountability requirements (e.g., standards and assessments) affecting broad aspects of public elementary and secondary education for all students. Other major ESEA programs provide grants to support rural schools; the education of migrant students; recruitment of and professional development for teachers; instruction for English language learners; expansion of charter schools and magnet schools; education services for Indian, Native Hawaiian, and Alaska Native students; and Impact Aid to https:I/crsreports.conc -- -q

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