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1 [1] (May 9, 2024)

handle is hein.crs/goveptx0001 and id is 1 raw text is: Con r s&on Iflesear h iifo~ 'ning t I ~qi Native d Updated May 9, 2024 Defense Primer: Intelligence Support to Military Operations Nine of 18 total statutory elements of the Intelligence Community (IC) reside within the Department of Defense (DOD) and provide integrated intelligence support to military strategy, planning, and operations. These elements include the National Security Agency (NSA), National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), and the intelligence components of the five military services (along with the Coast Guard intelligence element when operating as part of DOD). Non-DOD IC elements, such as the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), also support military activities. The Director of National Intelligence (DNI) serves as community manager for the IC and as the principal intelligence advisor to the President. The core mission of the DNI is to ensure the integration of intelligence activities across the elements of the IC. The Under Secretary of Defense for Intelligence and Security (USD(I&S)) manages the DOD intelligence elements. This position is dual-hatted. When acting as the USD(I&S), the incumbent reports directly to the Secretary of Defense and serves as the Secretary's principal staff assistant on intelligence, counterintelligence, security, and other intelligence-related matters. When acting as Director of Defense Intelligence (DDI), the incumbent reports directly to the DNI and serves as principal advisor on defense intelligence matters. Together, the DNI and USD(I&S) coordinate a number of interagency activities designed to facilitate the integration of national and tactical-level intelligence. The Intellience Process for Supporting Mditary Operations The IC supports the entire spectrum of DOD missions, from peacetime to combat operations. Joint Publication 2-0, Joint Intelligence (or JP 2-0, the Joint Chiefs of Staff publication that provides definitive guidance on intelligence support for military operations), notes that the intelligence process for supporting joint (i.e., multi-service, integrated) military operations consists of six interrelated categories of intelligence operations, all aimed at providing commanders and national-level decisionmakers with relevant and timely intelligence. These categories include planning and direction; collection, processing, and exploitation; analysis and production; dissemination and integration; and evaluation and feedback. Intelligence professionals participate in the planning and decisionmaking processes to align intelligence resources with operational objectives. Collection management ensures that the appropriate collection resources are tasked to address specific intelligence requirements pertaining to operational objectives. Because the operational environment is dynamic, the intelligence process is iterative: each category or phase of the process is ongoing and complements the other phases for the duration of the military operation or campaign. -nte ence Roles and Responsbities Table 1 summarizes the roles and responsibilities of joint intelligence to assist commanders in deciding which forces to deploy; when, how, and where to deploy them; and how to employ them in a manner that accomplishes a specific mission consistent with the commander's priorities. Table I. Roles and Responsibilities of Joint Intelligence Source: Joint Publication 2-0,joint Intelligence, p. 1-5. According to JP 2-0, intelligence should support a commander's planning, execution, and assessment of the impact of military operations. It should, therefore, include a comprehensive analysis of the threat and relevant aspects of the operating environment in assessments enabling the commander to create and exploit opportunities to accomplish friendly force objectives. In describing the operational environment, JP 2-0 specifies that intelligence should identify for the commander associated issues such as the political context; governance; leadership intentions; military capabilities and tactics; communications and critical infrastructure; economy; terrain; weather; cultural considerations; social stability; and health conditions. Intelligence should also provide military planners clearly defined, achievable, and measurable objectives that meet the commander's intent. Changes to the threat and the operational environment require intelligence professionals to continuously review their objectives to determine whether they remain relevant. To counter an adversary's deception efforts, JP 2-0 specifies that intelligence should confirm previous analysis using multiple analytical methods and processes. This may

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